Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)

Abstract

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, but effects on parasitic worms of the intestine have not been investigated. Here, extracts of cinnamon bark were shown to have potent in vitro anthelmintic properties against the swine nematode Ascaris suum. Analysis of the extract revealed high concentrations of proanthocyanidins (PAC) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA). The PAC were subjected to thiolysis and HPLC-MS analysis which demonstrated that they were exclusively procyanidins, had a mean degree of polymerization of 5.2 and 21% of their inter-flavan-3-ol links were A-type linkages. Purification of the PAC revealed that whilst they had activity against A. suum, most of the potency of the extract derived from CA. Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae were similarly susceptible to CA. To test whether CA could reduce A. suum infection in pigs in vivo, CA was administered daily in the diet or as a targeted, encapsulated dose. However, infection was not significantly reduced. It is proposed that the rapid absorption or metabolism of CA in vivo may prevent it from being present in sufficient concentrations in situ to exert efficacy. Therefore, further work should focus on whether formulation of CA can enhance its activity against internal parasites.

Benefits of Condensed Tannins in Forage Legumes Fed to Ruminants: Importance of Structure, Concentration, and Diet Composition

“…Taken together, these observations could explain why PDs, which generally have larger mDP values than PCs, have better anthelmintic properties Kommuru et al, 2014Kommuru et al, , 2015. Given the low uptake (bioavailability) of polymeric CTs in mammalian tissues in comparison with monomeric flavonoids (Li and Hagerman, 2013), it would be worth exploring whether the internal tissue damage arises from the CTs or from other compounds that may be present in plant extracts (Brunet and Hoste, 2006;Williams et al, 2015;Klongsiriwet et al, 2015;Desrues et al, 2016a;Mengistu et al, 2017). leaves (Martínez-Ortíz-de-Montellano et al, 2013;Kommuru et al, 2015).…”

“…Scanning and transmission electron microscopy detected not only external but also internal damage to the cuticle and sensilla of the lip region of young and adult Caenorhabditis elegans by different CT types, and to the cuticle and underlying tissue (i.e., muscle cells) and intestinal cells of H. contortus L3 larvae and adults and of T. colubriformis L3 larvae by sainfoin and tzalam CTs (Brunet et al, 2011;Martínez-Ortíz-de-Montellano et al, 2013;Ropiak et al, 2016a). Given the low uptake (bioavailability) of polymeric CTs in mammalian tissues in comparison with monomeric flavonoids (Li and Hagerman, 2013), it would be worth exploring whether the internal tissue damage arises from the CTs or from other compounds that may be present in plant extracts (Brunet and Hoste, 2006;Williams et al, 2015;Klongsiriwet et al, 2015;Desrues et al, 2016a;Mengistu et al, 2017). It also raises the question whether mixtures of CTs plus co-occurring smaller plant compounds (such as quercetin, luteolin, cinnamaldehyde, etc.)…”

Lupin (Lupinus sp.) seeds exert anthelmintic activity associated with their alkaloid content

“…Vaccine remain difficult to design 10 and GIN show enough transcriptomic plasticity to circumvent the vaccinal response of their host 11 . In the veterinary setting, the breeding of more resistant individuals in less need for treatment 12,13 , the implementation of targeted-selected treatment approaches 14 , or the use of tannin-rich plant extracts 15,16 have been studied. This latter strategy relies on the combined properties of forages that show both good nutritional properties and bioactive compounds, known as “neutraceuticals” 15 .…”

“…This latter strategy relies on the combined properties of forages that show both good nutritional properties and bioactive compounds, known as “neutraceuticals” 15 . This approach should limit drug residues, lower drug selection pressure and can be deployed under low resource settings 16 .…”

Essential Oils Leaf of <i>Cinnamomum glaucescens</i> and <i>Cinnamomum verum</i> from Vietnam

“…[31], antifungal, anti-elastase and anti-keratinase [37] and anti-rot [38] activities. Cinnamaldehyde, one of major compounds of C. verum oil exhibited antibacterial [25] and anthelmintic [39] properties. The biofungicides action [27] and the efficacy of C. verum essential oil as an acaricidal agent against Rhipicephalus microplus larvae was reported [32].…”