Anthelmintic Drugs Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Wondimu, Anteneh; Bayu, Yehualashet

doi:10.21203/rs.2.13752/v1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Our deep gratitude goes to the Haramaya University Animal Science Parasitology Laboratory for allowing the laboratory facilities to realize this research activity. The authors thank Ms. Jember Abera for excellent technical assistance during laboratory activity and Research Square for online presentation of the manuscript as a preprint [ 43 ]. This research is funded by the Haramaya University (HU) under framework of thematic research grants.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Wondimu¹,

Bayu

2022

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Gastrointestinal parasites and their anthelmintic resistance are major constraints to goat production in Ethiopia. Experimental investigation by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and larval cultures were used to assess the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance in naturally infected goats with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Haramaya, Ethiopia. One hundred goats with a minimum of 150 eggs per gram (EPG) count were selected and randomly divided into five groups, 20 goats in each group, four treated and one untreated group. The result of the faecal egg count reduction test percentage (FECRT%) and the lower 95% confidence limit showed the presence of anthelmintic resistance for all tested drugs except tetramisole. FECRT% and lower 95% confidence limit were 69.9% and 36.9 for albendazole, 84.3% and 66.1 for tetraclozan, 95.7% and 87.4 for tetramisole, and 71.1% and 38.2 for ivermectin, respectively. Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia, and Haemonchus showed anthelmintic resistance for tested drugs. Coproculture from different treatment groups revealed Trichostrongylus (69.2% in ivermectin and 59.6% in albendazole) were the predominant nematode followed by Teladorsagia (21.9% in albendazole and 14.7% in ivermectin). In tetraclozan treatment group, Trichostrongylus (42%) and Teladorsagia (41.3%) were comparable, followed by Haemonchus (13%). In group treated with tetramisole, Teladorsagia (54.3%) were the most frequently detected nematode followed by Trichostrongylus (25.7%) and Haemonchus (11.4%). Therefore, this study demonstrated the presence of multidrug resistant nematodes that may limit the productivity of goats. Moreover, further studies covering wider areas of Ethiopia and mechanisms of nematode resistance need to be studied in the future.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Wondimu¹,

Bayu

2022

Journal of Parasitology Research

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“…technical assistance during laboratory activity and Research Square for online presentation of the manuscript as a preprint [45].…”

Section: Declarationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic Drugs Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Wondimu

Bayu

2022

Preprint

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Gastrointestinal parasites and their anthelmintic resistance are major constraints to goat production in Ethiopia. Experimental investigation by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and larval cultures were used to assess the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance in naturally infected goats with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Haramaya, Ethiopia. One hundred goats with a minimum of 150 eggs per gram (EPG) count were selected and randomly divided into five groups; 20 goats in each group; four treated and one untreated group. The result of the faecal egg count reduction test percentage (FECRT%) and the lower 95% confidence limit showed the presence of anthelmintic resistance for all tested drugs except tetramisole. FECRT% and lower 95% confidence limit were 69.9% and 36.9 for albendazole, 84.3% and 66.1 for tetraclozan, 95.7% and 87.4 for tetramisole and 71.1% and 38.2 for ivermectin respectively. Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Haemonchus showed anthelmintic resistance for tested drugs. Coproculture from different treatment group revealed Trichostrongylus (69.2% in ivermectin and 59.6% in albendazole) were the predominant nematode followed by Teladorsagia (21.9% in albendazole and 14.7% in ivermectin). In tetraclozan treatment group, Trichostrongylus (42%) and Teladorsagia (41.3%) were comparable, followed by Haemonchus (13%). In group treated with tetramisole, Teladorsagia (54.3%) were the most frequently detected nematode followed by Trichostrongylus (25.7%) and Haemonchus (11.4%). Therefore, this study demonstrated the presence of multi-drug resistant nematodes that may limit the productivity of goats. Moreover, further studies covering wider areas of Ethiopia and mechanisms of nematode resistance need to be studied in future.

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“…Unregulated and inappropriate anthelmintic use contributed to the failure to abate livestock gastrointestinal parasitism, and instead resulted in appearance of AR in various nematode parasites under different geographical areas in Ethiopia. 14 Wondimu and Bayu 15 from Haramaya, Ethiopia, reported the presence of multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in goats against albendazole, tetraclozan, ivermectin, and tetramisole, of which Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp. and Haemonchus spp.…”

Section: Anthelmintic Resistance and Its Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic Resistance and Its Mechanism: A Review

Fissiha¹,

Kinde²

2021

IDR

113

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Helminths are a various types of parasites causing a major health problem for animals in different parts of the globe. Control of helminthiasis has largely relied on the use of pharmaceutical anthelmintics. Unfortunately, the exhaustive use of anthelmintic drugs has led to a serious and dramatic level of anthelmintic resistance. Anthelmintic resistance is a heritable loss of sensitivity of an anthelmintic in a parasite population that was in the past susceptible to the same anthelmintic. The development of anthelmintic resistance is evident to different helminths of almost every animal species and to different groups of anthelmintic in several continents. Frequent treatment, underdosing, genetics of the parasite, and targeting and timing of mass treatment are predisposing factors for anthelmintic resistance. Upregulation of cellular efflux mechanisms, an increase in drug metabolism, a change in drug receptor sites that reduces drug binding or the functional consequences of drug binding, and a decrease in drug receptor abundance through reduced expression within the parasite are the main mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance. In vivo method like fecal egg count reduction test and in vitro method such as egg hatch assays, larval motility test, larval development test and PCR can be used for the detection of anthelmintic resistance. Proper utilization of anthelmintic drugs, using combined anthelmintic and applying other alternatives are essential strategies to slow down the development of anthelmintic resistance. As anthelmintic resistance is a serious challenge throughout the world, proper utilization of the existing anthelmintics and reducing dependence on anthelmintics should be implemented to reduce its challenge.

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Anthelmintic Drugs Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Anthelmintic Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Anthelmintic Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Anthelmintic Drugs Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

Anthelmintic Resistance and Its Mechanism: A Review

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