Anthelmintic efficacy of oral trichlorfon solution against ivermectin resistant nematode strains in cattle

Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Santos, Thaís Rabelo dos; Borges, Fernando de Almeida; Sakamoto, Cláudio Alessandro Massamitsu; Soares, Vando Edésio; Costa, Gustavo Henrique Nogueira; Camargo, Gilberto; Pulga, Mário Eduardo; Bhushan, Chandra; Costa, Alvimar José da

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.045

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Este grupo químico foi originalmente desenvolvido para atuar sobre ectoparasitos. Entretanto, estudos posteriores e até mesmo recentes, demonstraram que estes fármacos, podem apresentar eficácia contra cepas de nematódeos de bovinos resistentes a elevadas concentrações de ivermectina (Lopes et al 2009). …”

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Intoxicação aguda por triclorfon em caprinos tratados com a dose terapêutica

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(2):114-118, fevereiro 2014 114 RESUMO.-O presente estudo descreve um surto de intoxicação por triclorfon em caprinos, que receberam pela via oral, a dosagem terapêutica do princípio ativo em questão (100mg/kg), provenientes da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, campus de Umuarama, PR. Cinquenta e três ovinos foram tratados com a mesma formulação/solução e não se observou nenhum efeito colateral nos animais referente ao tratamento com triclorfon. Das 20 cabras medicadas, cerca de 40 minutos após a administração do triclorfon, oito apresentaram os clássicos sinais clínicos de ataxia, decúbito externo-lateral, sialorreia, tremores, constrição das pupilas, dispneia com ruídos, micção e defecação involuntária, paresia espástica, timpanismo e lacrimejamento. Quase que imediatamente após a detecção destes sinais, as oito cabras foram medicadas com sulfato de atropina 1% 0,5mg/kg mais fluidoterapia. Cinco destes animais tiveram de receber nova dosagem de sulfato de atropina uma hora após a primeira aplicação, em função de alguns sinais clí-nicos, como tremores musculares, ainda estarem presentes. De 48 a 72 horas após a administração do triclorfon, três destes cinco animais vieram a óbito. Na necropsia, foi possível observar mucosas cianóticas, congestão de fígado, The present study describes an outbreak of trichlorfon poisoning in goats from the State University of Maringá, campus Umuarama/PR that received orally the therapeutic dose of the active ingredient in question (100mg/kg). Fifty-three sheep had been treated with the same formulation/solution and no side effects were observed in any of these sheep medicated with triclorfon. But from 20 goats medicated with trichlorfon, eight goats showed, about 40 minutes after its administration, the classic clinical signs of ataxia, external lateral decubitus, drooling, tremors, constricted pupils, noisy dyspnea, involuntary urination and defecation, spastic paresis, bloat and tearing. Almost immediately after the detection of these signals, eight goats were medicated with 1% atropine sulfate (0.5mg/kg and fluid). Five of these goats received a second dose of atropine sulfate one hour after the first application because of some clinical signs such as muscle tremor still being present. Forty-eight to 72 hours after administration of trichlorfon, three of those five goats died. At necropsy we observed cyanotic mucous membranes, congestion of liver, spleen, kidneys and mesenteric vessels, filled gallbladder, emphysema, and reddish lungs. The results of this study call attention to the outbreak that occurred in adult goats in good clinical conditions and, above all, that they received the therapeutic dosage recommended on the manufacture label. This suggests a higher sensitivity of the species to the recommended dose of trichlorfon (100mg/kg) for goats.

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Intoxicação aguda por triclorfon em caprinos tratados com a dose terapêutica

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“…The organophosphates are generally used as ectoparasiticides, but the more modern heterocyclic organothiophosphates, such as trichlorphon, naphthalophos and coumaphos, have also shown activity against parasitic nematodes (Gordon 1958;Stampa, 1959;Southcott 1961;Thomas 1964;Hebden and Hall 1965). The increasing recognition of the worldwide problem of anthelmintic resistance in ruminants has led to consideration of the use of older and less commonly used compounds, such as the organophosphates (Cooper et al1996;Lorenzelli et al 1996;Le Jambre et al 2005;Lopes et al 2009). This paper describes the efficacy of the organophosphates derivates trichlorphon and naphthalophos in comparison with ivermectin, fenbendazole, levamisole and closantel against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep known to be resistant to multiple anthelmintic classes.…”

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The Efficacy of Trichlorphon and Naphthalophos against Multiple Anthelmintic-Resistant Nematodes of Naturally Infected Sheep in Argentina

et al. 2011

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An anthelmintic efficacy trial was conducted in sheep harbouring anthelmintic-resistant worms in Argentina. Seventy lambs were selected from a flock that had been grazed on pastures infected with trichostrongyles previously shown to be resistant to the main anthelmintic groups. Lambs were allocated to comparable groups of ten animals each and treated with trichlorphon (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) orally); naphthalophos (50 mg/kg b.w. orally); ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously); fenbendazole (5 mg/kg b.w. orally); levamisole (8 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously) and closantel (10 mg/kg b.w. orally). There was also an untreated group. The dose selection was based on manufacturer's recommendations.Faecal samples were collected 0 and 10 days post treatment to estimate efficacy (faecal egg count reduction). Six animals from each group were necropsied at day 10 for enumeration/identification of worms from the abomasum, small and large intestines to determine the absolute efficacy of each agent (controlled efficacy test). Trichlorphon and naphthalophos were effective (> 99 %) against Haemonchus contortus (p < 0.05).Naphthalophos also showed efficacy against Trichostrongylus axei (99.3 %), Teladorsagia circumcincta (97.8 %), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (99.2 %), Cooperia punctata/curticei/pectinata (90.4 %), Nematodirus spathiger (89.2 %) and Oesophagostomum venulosum/columbianum (93.7 %). Fenbendazole and levamisole showed efficacy (> 95 %) against all nematodes except T. colubriformis. The efficacy of ivermectin was low against H. contortus (23 %) and Cooperia spp. (46.3 %). Closantel showed low efficacy against T. axei (64.4 %), H. contortus (80.6 %) and T. colubriformis (59.5 %).When anthelmintic resistance is widespread, trichlorphon treatment is appropriate if H. contortus is present; however, naphthalophos represents an effective therapeutic alternative for incorporation into worm control programmes.

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“…Subsequently, the Brazilian market was flooded with various commercial brands of ivermectin, which decreased prices and led to a high demand by farmers. Indiscriminate and excessive use of the drug and the consequent increase in helminth resistance against this endectocide also occurred because of the availability of the drug [2,14,15,24,25,30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%