Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites—Current evidence and knowledge gaps

Nielsen, Martin K.; Reinemeyer, Craig R.; Donecker, John; Leathwick, Dave M.; Marchiondo, Alan A.; Kaplan, Ray M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.030

Cited by 74 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…(Ascarididae) and Oxyuris equi (Oxyuridae) against anthelmintic drugs [1–5] requires major changes in equine parasite control. During the past 50 years, horses were mainly treated prophylactically multiple times per year [6–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Strongylus vulgaris in equine faecal samples by real-time PCR and larval culture – method comparison and occurrence assessment

et al. 2016

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Background Strongylus vulgaris has become a rare parasite in Germany during the past 50 years due to the practice of frequent prophylactic anthelmintic therapy. To date, the emerging development of resistance in Cyathostominae and Parascaris spp. to numerous equine anthelmintics has changed deworming management and the frequency of anthelmintic usage. In this regard, reliable detection of parasitic infections, especially of the highly pathogenic S. vulgaris is essential. In the current study, two diagnostic methods for the detection of infections with S. vulgaris were compared and information on the occurrence of this parasite in German horses was gained. For this purpose, faecal samples of 501 horses were screened for S. vulgaris with real-time PCR and an additional larval culture was performed in samples of 278 horses. A subset of 26 horses underwent multiple follow-up examinations with both methods in order to evaluate both the persistence of S. vulgaris infections and the reproducibility of each diagnostic method.ResultsThe real-time PCR revealed S. vulgaris-DNA in ten of 501 investigated equine samples (1.9%). The larval culture demonstrated larvae of S. vulgaris in three of the 278 samples (1.1%). A direct comparison of the two methods was possible in 321 samples including 43 follow-up examinations with the result of 11 S. vulgaris-positive samples by real-time PCR and 4 S. vulgaris-positive samples by larval culture. The McNemar’s test (p-value = 0.016) revealed a significant difference and the kappa values (0.525) showed a moderate agreement between real-time PCR and larval culture.ConclusionsThe real-time PCR detected a significantly higher proportion of positives of S. vulgaris compared to larval culture and should thus be considered as a routine diagnostic method for the detection of S. vulgaris in equine samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Strongylus vulgaris in equine faecal samples by real-time PCR and larval culture – method comparison and occurrence assessment

et al. 2016

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“…: faecal egg count reduction test, FECRT) ist derzeit Test der Wahl und der am häufigsten verwendete Test bezüglich der Untersuchung auf Wirksamkeit der auf dem Markt befindlichen Anthelminthika (Nielsen et al 2014a). Der FECRT vergleicht den Faecal Egg Count (FEC) bzw.…”

Section: Eizahlreduktionstest (Ezrt)unclassified

Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in Germany

Ertelt¹,

Samson‐Himmelstjerna²,

Gehlen³

2016

PHK

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Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in GermanyThe occurrence of anthelmintic resistance has been reported soon after the introduction of well tolerated broad-spectrum anthelmintics in the 1960s. Like in bacteria the development of resistance in gastro-intestinal parasites of equines is a consequence of repeated drug application and represents an evolutionary process. In Germany, resistance has been detected in small strongyles to benzimidazole (several studies with up to ca. 80 % resistance frequency) and tetrahydropyrimidine (several studies with up to ca. 25 % resistance frequency), in ascarids to macrocyclic lactones (single study on one farm) and recently in pinworms to ivermectin (macrocyclic lactone) (single study on one farm). Once anthelmintic resistance is established it remains in the worm population even if the particular drug class is not used over a longer period of time. Today different tests are available for detection of anthelmintic resistance. Despite limitations, the FECRT remains the test of choice in horses. Different worm control concepts have been established to delay the development of resistance. Any sustainable worm control strategy targets the least frequent application of anthelmintics that does not harm the health and well-being of the horse. The targeted selective treatment that has been developed for the prevention of anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants can only be used in horses with limitations and will be further discussed in this review.

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“…Porém, na maioria das vezes, o uso desses produtos ocorre de maneira indevida, indiscriminada e sem a associação de estratégias auxiliares de controle (Molento, 2005). Mundialmente, a situação atual é de resistência à maior parte das classes de antiparasitários disponíveis, principalmente em relação ao controle parasitário em equinos (Nielsen et al, 2014) no qual muitas vezes a resistência ocorre frente a todas as classes anti-helmínticas disponíveis (Canever et al, 2013). Diante desse contexto, torna-se fundamental a mudança da concepção de cura total das parasitoses.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Duddingtonia flagrans no controle de nematoides gastrintestinais de equinos em fases de vida livre

Buzatti

Santos

Fernandes

et al. 2017

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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 RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade predatória do fungo Duddingtonia flagrans contra larvas infectantes (L 3 ) de nematoides gastrintestinais na pastagem e no bolo fecal de equinos, em um período de 21 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três grupos tratados (G1, G2 e G3) e um controle (C), com oito animais/grupo. 2 cada, equivalendo a repetições em triplicata para cada grupo. As fezes foram coletadas dos animais nos dias 0 (D0), 15 (D15) e 30 (D30 = sete dias após a última administração dos tratamentos) e depositadas nessas áreas de pastagem. O número de larvas presentes nos bolos fecais e na pastagem foi avaliado após 14 e 21 dias de cada etapa de deposição. A avaliação da atividade predatória de D. flagrans na pastagem e nos bolos fecais demonstrou que a redução do número de L 3 nos bolos fecais foi acompanhada pelo aumento da variável na pastagem. Não se constatou diferença significativa entre os grupos avaliados em decorrência da temperatura média registrada durante o período. As avaliações realizadas em um curto período podem ser insuficientes para a avaliação do efeito do fungo. Palavras-chave: Duddingtonia flagrans, fungos nematófagos, Equus caballus, nematoides ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against infective larvae (L 3 ) of gastrointestinal nematodes of horses in the pasture and dung patch during a period of 21 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three groups treated (G1, G2 and G3) and a control (C),

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Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites—Current evidence and knowledge gaps

Cited by 74 publications

References 87 publications

Detection of Strongylus vulgaris in equine faecal samples by real-time PCR and larval culture – method comparison and occurrence assessment

Detection of Strongylus vulgaris in equine faecal samples by real-time PCR and larval culture – method comparison and occurrence assessment

Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in Germany

Duddingtonia flagrans no controle de nematoides gastrintestinais de equinos em fases de vida livre

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