Anther carbohydrates during in vivo and in vitro pollen development

Clément, Christophe; Audran, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59985-9_7

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…in Lilium (Clément and Audran, 1999). In the anther wall, hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase activity leads to glucose release into the locular fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapetum and middle layer control male fertility in Actinidia deliciosa

et al. 2013

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Background and AimsDioecism characterizes many crop species of economic value, including kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Kiwifruit male sterility occurs at the microspore stage. The cell walls of the microspores and the pollen of the male-sterile and male-fertile flowers, respectively, differ in glucose and galactose levels. In numerous plants, pollen formation involves normal functioning and degeneration timing of the tapetum, with calcium and carbohydrates provided by the tapetum essential for male fertility. The aim of this study was to determine whether the anther wall controls male fertility in kiwifruit, providing calcium and carbohydrates to the microspores.MethodsThe events occurring in the anther wall and microspores of male-fertile and male-sterile anthers were investigated by analyses of light microscopy, epifluorescence, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL assay) and transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron spectroscopy. The possibility that male sterility was related to anther tissue malfunctioning with regard to calcium/glucose/galactose provision to the microspores was also investigated by in vitro anther culture.Key ResultsBoth tapetum and the middle layer showed secretory activity and both degenerated by programmed cell death (PCD), but PCD was later in male-sterile than in male-fertile anthers. Calcium accumulated in cell walls of the middle layer and tapetum and in the exine of microspores and pollen, reaching higher levels in anther wall tissues and dead microspores of male-sterile anthers. A specific supply of glucose and calcium induced normal pollen formation in in vitro-cultured anthers of the male-sterile genotype.ConclusionsThe results show that male sterility in kiwifruit is induced by anther wall tissues through prolonged secretory activity caused by a delay in PCD, in the middle layer in particular. In vitro culture results support the sporophytic control of male fertility in kiwifruit and open the way to applications to overcome dioecism and optimize kiwifruit production.

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“…in Lilium (Clément and Audran, 1999). In the anther wall, hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase activity leads to glucose release into the locular fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapetum and middle layer control male fertility in Actinidia deliciosa

et al. 2013

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“…However, starch storage is most developed in the endothecium. Indeed, starch has been seen to accumulate in these plastids in most species, especially during meiosis (Clément and Audran, 1999). Starch storage in these tissues could be part of a sugar buffering system (Clément and Audran, 1995) that mops up excess sugars accumulating in the anther wall cells during meiosis.…”

Section: Changes In the Anther Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular organisation in meiotic and early post-meiotic rice anthers

Mamun

Cantrill

Overall

et al. 2005

Cell Biology International

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We have used fluorescent, confocal laser and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine cellular organisations, including callose (1,3-beta-glucan) behaviour, in meiotic and early post-meiotic rice anthers. These features are critical for pollen formation and provide information to better understand pollen sterility caused by abiotic stress in rice and other monocotyledonous species. Among organelles during meiosis, abundant plastids, mitochondria and nuclei of the anther cells show distinctive features. Chloroplasts in the endothecium store starch and indicate a potential for photosynthetic activity. During meiosis, the middle layer cells are markedly compressed and at the tetrad stage are either vacuolated or filled with degenerating electron-opaque organelles. Viable mitochondria, stained with Rhodamine 123, are seen in the endothecium and tapetum, but the mitochondria in the middle layer are not stained during meiosis. The radial walls of the tapetum are disorganised and degenerating, indicating the formation of a syncytium; pro-orbicules are located at the locular walls at the tetrad stage. Immunohistochemical studies show that the sporogenous cells are entirely enveloped by a thick callosic layer at early meiosis. Cell plate callose was assembled in a plane between the dyad cells. In the tetrads, however, callose formed only at the centre, showing that the tetrad microspores are not enveloped but separated by callose walls. Thick, undulating electron-opaque walls around the tetrads indicate the beginning of exinous microspore wall differentiation.

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“…Carbohydrates are particularly important for the achievement of both in vivo and in vitro pollen development (Pacini 1994;Clément and Audran 1999). Disturbances in sugar metabolism of the anther could have a detrimental impact on pollen, and eventually lead to male sterility (Dorion et al 1996;Goetz et al 2001;Datta et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the species, starch catabolism occurs during microsporogenesis, from the microspore asymmetric mitosis onwards, or regularly throughout pollen ontogeny (Clément and Audran 1999). Starch-degrading enzymes in plant tissues include two kinds of amylases (Smith et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose and starch catabolism in the anther of Lilium during its development: a comparative study among the anther wall, locular fluid and microspore/pollen fractions

Castro

Clément

2006

Planta

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In order to better understand the various pathways of sucrose and starch catabolism in the anther of lily (Lilium hybrida var. "Enchantment"), invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and amylase (EC 3.2.1.1, EC 3.2.1.2) activities were measured separately in different fractions (anther wall, locular fluid and microspore/pollen) and correlated with the sugar content during anther development. Our findings showed significant differences among the fractions analyzed, suggesting that the regulation of sucrose and starch catabolism could follow distinct pathways in each fraction. Glucose and fructose amounts progressively decreased from anther wall to fluid and from fluid to microspore/pollen. Thus, the developing pollen could act as a sink for the carbohydrates that reach the anther. In this sense, cell wall-bound invertases seem to play a major role in soluble sugar partitioning in the different fractions of the anther. Sucrose concentration was found to be substantially higher in the locular fluid than in the other fractions, indicating a probable site for storage. On the other hand, the anther wall tissues could have a buffering function, storing nutrient surplus in starch grains and thus regulating the availability of soluble sugars in the whole anther. All these results proved the advantages of the experimental model proposed here, as well as its usefulness to investigate sugar metabolism in Lilium anthers.

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Anther carbohydrates during in vivo and in vitro pollen development

Cited by 18 publications

References 142 publications

Tapetum and middle layer control male fertility in Actinidia deliciosa

Tapetum and middle layer control male fertility in Actinidia deliciosa

Cellular organisation in meiotic and early post-meiotic rice anthers

Sucrose and starch catabolism in the anther of Lilium during its development: a comparative study among the anther wall, locular fluid and microspore/pollen fractions

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