Anther Culture in Apple

Witte, K De; Schroeven, S.; Broothaerts, W.; Keulemans, Johan

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1998.484.89

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Plants with different ploidy levels induced via anther culture have been reported in various plant species, e.g., 6% haploids, 70% diploids and 24% triploids in Datura metel L (Narayanaswamy & Chandy, 1971); 34% haploids, 65% diploids and 0.8% triploids in Capsicum annum L. (Dolcet-Sanjuan et al, 1997); 7% haploids, 43% diploids, 29% triploids, and 21% tetraploids in apple (De Witte et al, 1999); and 14.3% diploid, 71.4% triploids and 14.3% tetraploids in Petunia axillaris (Engvild, 1973). Sunderland et al (1974) demonstrated the origin of triploids and tetraploids from anther culture in Datura innoxia Mill.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and ploidy of anther culture derived papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants

et al. 2006

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To improve the efficiency of papaya anther culture, we investigated (1) hormonal medium conditions for inducing haploids or dihaploids; (2) identified the sex of established plantlets using a sex-specific DNA molecular marker and (3) estimated their ploidy by flow cytometry analysis of DNA content. Anthers with a mixture of uninucleate, mitotic, and binucleate microspores were collected from a male plant, and cultured on MS agar medium with different concentrations of CPPU and NAA. An embryo induction rate of 13.8% was attained on MS agar medium with 0.01 mg l −1 CPPU and 0.1 mg l −1 NAA. The induced embryos were subcultured on medium with 0.0025 mg l −1 CPPU. Rooting of the developed shoots was promoted by treating their basal parts with 1500 mg l −1 IBA in a 50% ethanol solution for about 10 seconds. All the embryo-derived plantlets (27 plants) were identified as female, implying that they were derived from microspores. In addition, 26 plants were determined to be triploids and one to be tetraploids. We also observed a wide range of morphological variation (e.g., in tree height and fruit size) among the established plants. Based on the results, we discussed a potential value of anther culture techniques for the breeding of papaya.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and ploidy of anther culture derived papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants

et al. 2006

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“…However, it lasted until the 1980s before this research made significant progress. From then, the number of reports on in vitro anther and microspore culture in apple increased (Hidano 1982, Zhang et al 1987, Ho¨fer and Hanke 1990, Ho¨fer 1994, De Witte et al 1999, Ho¨fer and Grafe 1999, Ho¨fer et al 1999a, Lespinasse et al 1999, De Witte 2000, Kadota et al 2002, Ho¨fer 2004.…”

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confidence: 99%

Limited application of homozygous genotypes in apple breeding

Vanwynsberghe¹,

Witte²,

Coart³

et al. 2005

Plant Breeding

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Apple is a temperate fruit species with several breeding disadvantages such as the highly heterozygous nature of the genome and a long reproductive cycle. It is expected that homozygous apple genotypes can increase breeding efficiency, but inbreeding is prevented by the gametophytic self-incompatibility mechanism. In this paper, the production and characterization of homozygous genotypes, generated from anther culture in Malus · domestica cv. ÔBraeburnÕ, is described as well as their potential for use in breeding programmes. After determination of large scale anther culture efficiency, anther culturederived genotypes were simple sequence repeat (SSR)-fingerprinted to determine their homozygous nature and confirm their androgenic origin. Their value for breeding was estimated based on growth and fertility measurements. The use of homozygous androgenic genotypes from ÔBraeburnÕ in apple breeding programmes is currently not a realistic approach, partly because of the low efficiency of anther culture, but mainly because of the reduced vigour and severe sterility of the androgenic genotypes produced.

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“…This may have re sulted in a lower propor tion of glob u lar em bryos in an ther cul ture. The same con clu sion was pro posed by de Witte et al (1999), af ter squash ing an thers and char ac ter iz ing mi cro scop i cally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In the lit er a ture to date, the re gen er a tion pro cess of androgenic em bryos in ap ple via an ther cul ture has been char ac ter ized by low ef fi ciency (Lespinasse et al 1999) or by a strong ge no type and year de pendence (de Witte et al 1999). Com par a tive data from an ther and microspore cul ture has not been available for ap ple or other fruit spe cies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two de vel op men tal path ways were ob served: 1) second ary embryogenesis fol lowed by ad ven ti tious shoot for ma tion and 2) di rect ad ven ti tious shoot for ma tion from pri mary em bryos. Shoot de vel opment from androgenic ap ple em bryos never occurred through nor mal ger mi na tion con sis tent with ob ser va tions re ported by de Witte et al (1999). In gen eral, both in duc tion and re gen er a tion pro cesses are de layed in microspore cul ture as com pared with an ther cul ture and rel a tively slow com pared to other plant spe cies (Maluszynski et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regeneration of androgenic embryos in apple (Malus x domestica Brokh.) via anther and microspore culture

Höfer

2005

Acta Physiol Plant

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Fed eral Cen tre for Breed ing Re search on Cul ti vated Plants, In sti tute of Fruit Breed ing, Key words: Malus x domestica Borkh., an ther culture, microspore cul ture, ploidy level, re gen er a tion Ab stractBased on op ti mized pro to cols for an ther and microspore culture in ap ple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), the re gen er a tion phase and the ef fi ciency of the pro cesses in gen eral were compared by us ing the same androgenic ma te rial of two ex per imen tal years. Microspore cul ture re sulted in an in crease in embryo in duc tion de pend ing on the ge no type (Höfer 2004), however an ther cul ture was su pe rior to microspore cul ture in the to tal num ber of re gen er ated plants. The re gen er a tion pro cess in an ther and microspore cul ture is sim i lar. Two de vel op mental path ways were ob served: 1) sec ond ary embryogenesis followed by ad ven ti tious shoot for ma tion and 2) di rect ad ven titious shoot for ma tion from pri mary em bryos. In duc tion and regen er a tion pro cesses are de layed in microspore cul ture as com pared with an ther cul ture. The rea sons for the re duced regen er a tion ef fi ciency in microspore cul ture are dis cussed. In tro duc tionMost tem per ate fruit trees are char ac ter ized by a long re pro duc tive cy cle with sev eral years of a juve nile phase, a ten dency to allogamy and a large tree size. They are gen er ally highly het ero zy gous, outbreeding spe cies, which are asex u ally prop agated. For these rea sons, their ge netic im prove ment by con ven tional meth ods is time-con sum ing and lim ited by space for field ex per i ments. The pro duction of hap loids of fers new pos si bil i ties for genetic studies and breeding.Whereas the pro duc tion of dou bled hap loids reached very good re sults in many crop plant species (Maluszynski et al. 2003), fruit spe cies be long fur ther more to re cal ci trant spe cies in hap loid produc tion. Ei ther the plant re gen er a tion fails af ter induc tion of cal lus or em bryos (Arrillaga et al. 1995, Peixe et al. 2004 or the ef fi ciency of plant pro duction is very low Chiancone 2003, Kadota andNiimi 2004). Un til now, an ther cul ture has been mainly used. Be side ap ple the only attempt to ap ply microspore cul ture is the in duc tion of em bryos in Cit rus clementina (Ramirez et al. 2003).The Fed eral Cen tre for Breed ing Re search, In stitute of Fruit Breed ing has in ves ti gated hap loid induc tion in ap ple for many years. An ther cul ture tech niques were de vel oped and op ti mized (Höfer 1995(Höfer , 1997, and the first in duc tion of embryogenesis and plant for ma tion from iso lated ap ple micro spores was re ported (Höfer et al. 1999). By op ti mi za tion the pre treat ment con di tions, car bon source con cen tra tion and microspore den sity, the ef fi ciency of the in duc tion phase was im proved and 709

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Anther Culture in Apple

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Sex and ploidy of anther culture derived papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants

Sex and ploidy of anther culture derived papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants

Limited application of homozygous genotypes in apple breeding

Regeneration of androgenic embryos in apple (Malus x domestica Brokh.) via anther and microspore culture

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