Anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F1's and their reciprocal crosses

Abstract

Anthers from three sets of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) F1's and their reciprocal crosses, made between parental lines differing greatly in their ability to produce microspore derived callus, were cultured on the Chinese potato medium so that we could 1) more clearly define the role of nuclear or cytoplasmic factors within T. aestivum in transferring the ability to undergo in vitro androgenesis, and 2) to briefly review the gametic representation and disease screening potential of the resulting polyhaploid wheat plants. The microspore derived calli values from F1's were slightly less than the midparental value. Statistical analysis indicated that the ability of each F1 to produce callus either did not significantly differ from that of the respective parental line having the highest androgenic yield or it exceeded its respective parental line having the lowest yield. No differences were noted between the members of each pair of reciprocal crosses. The results indicate that the transfer of in vitro androgenic ability to F1 hybrids is not dependent upon the maternal cytoplasm source. Polyhaploid plants, carrying the Pm 3 a powdery mildew resistance gene, expressed resistance to culture 4 a of powdery mildew.

Wheat Anther Culture: Agronomic Performance of Doubled Haploid Lines and the Release of a New Variety “Florin”

“…The genetic data show that regenerating embryos come from different microspores (Bullock et al 1982). Rarely, however, coalescent embryos regenera ting two different plants can be observed .…”

“…In one case the hybrid was worse than the mid-parent value. In some cases Fl are intermediate between the two parents (Bullock et al 1982). …”

“…Nevertheless, liquid media are more susceptible to contamination. Experimental results indicate that it could be advantageous to add vitamins (Picard and de Buyser 1975a) such as I mg/I thiamine (Ouyang 1986) or some glutamin (Bullock et al 1982). However, for wheat anther culture, the choice of regeneration medium is not as strict as the choice of anther culture medium.…”

“…Nevertheless, during our studies on several hundred genotypes, all have furnished at least a few embryos, the best producing as many as 50 embryos from 100 anthers. The genotypic differences in anther culture response are heritable (Raquin 1982;Foroughi-Wehr et al 1982;Bullock et al 1982), but there is little information available on the genetic basis of responsiveness to anther culture, particularly on the number of loci involved.…”

An Examination of the Plastid DNA of Hypohaploid Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Plants

“…In wheat plants regenerated from pollen, a large percentage ofregenerates are albino (1), and this albinism has been clearly shown to be caused by massive chloroplast DNA deletions (6). We initiated these studies to establish ifa similar phenomenon was causing the albinism observed in some hypohaploid phenotypes ofN.…”