Antheridiogens

Schneller, J. J.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511541827.006

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Some ferns also possess a mechanism affecting mating strategies via the use of antheridiogens. Antheridiogens are pheromones that female or bisexual gametophytes release to the environment, inducing development of antheridia in nearby gametophytes (Raghavan, ; Schneller, ). This system promotes outcrossing by reducing the amount of eggs and increasing the amount of sperm in proximity to female gametophytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric hybridization in Central European populations of theDryopteris carthusianagroup

Hornych

Ekrt

Riedel

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise Hybridization is a key process in plant speciation. Despite its importance, there is no detailed study of hybridization rates in fern populations. A proper estimate of hybridization rates is needed to understand factors regulating hybridization. Methods We studied hybridization in the European Dryopteris carthusiana group, represented by one diploid and two tetraploid species and their hybrids. We sampled ~100 individuals per population in 40 mixed populations of the D. carthusiana group across Europe. All plants were identified by measuring genome size (DAPI staining) using flow cytometry. To determine the maternal parentage of hybrids, we sequenced the chloroplast region trnL–trnF of all taxa involved. Results We found hybrids in 85% of populations. Triploid D. ×ambroseae occurred in every population that included both parent species and is most abundant when the parent species are equally abundant. By contrast, tetraploid D. ×deweveri was rare (15 individuals total) and triploid D. ×sarvelae was absent. The parentage of hybrid taxa is asymmetric. Despite expectations from previous studies, tetraploid D. dilatata is the predominant male parent of its triploid hybrid. Conclusions This is a thorough investigation of hybridization rates in natural populations of ferns. Hybridization rates differ greatly even among closely related fern taxa. In contrast to angiosperms, our data suggest that hybridization rates are highest in balanced parent populations and support the notion that some ferns possess very weak barriers to hybridization. Our results from sequencing cpDNA challenge established notions about the correlation of ploidy level and mating tendencies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric hybridization in Central European populations of theDryopteris carthusianagroup

Hornych

Ekrt

Riedel

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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“…Gametophytes of homosporous ferns are potentially hermaphroditic, that is able to produce both archegonia and antheridia. Antheridiogens are hormone‐like substances produced by the mature female gametophyte that stimulate the development of antheridia on neighbouring immature gametophytes (Schneller 2008). Experimental results for D. dilatata show a possible response to antheridiogen (Barker 1988).…”

Section: Reproductive Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dryopteris carthusiana, D. dilatata and D. expansa

Rünk

Zobel

2012

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs, D. dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, and D. expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy that are relevant to an understanding of their ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, reproductive characteristics, herbivores, history, and conservation. 2. All three species are native deciduous ferns that are morphologically similar and genetically interrelated. Dryopteris dilatata, one of the commonest ferns in the British Isles, is found in many different habitats, but is above all a woodland species. Dryopteris carthusiana is less widely distributed, being mostly a species of wetlands and wet woodlands. Dryopteris expansa is the least common, mostly found in mountains, but also in wet woodlands at lower altitudes. 3. Dryopteris dilatata is mainly a species of semi-shade, and in the British Isles is considered to be the most shade-tolerant of the three. Dryopteris carthusiana occurs in a wide range of habitats, from exposed, well-illuminated to moderately shaded ones. Dryopteris expansa mainly grows in better illuminated habitats, often in the shade of sparse canopies or rocks. D. expansa is thus the most light-demanding species of the three. 4. The response to competition from neighbouring herbs has been shown to differ among the three species; D. expansa is clearly more vulnerable to competition than D. carthusiana and D. dilatata. 6. Although not currently threatened, the distribution of all three species may be susceptible to continued habitat loss arising from changes in land use, management for control of Bracken and predicted climate change.

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“…Despite this view, a growing body of literature suggests that several factors play an important role in mediating reproductive success. A large proportion of fern species produce sex-determining antheridiogens (D€ opp, 1950;N€ af et al, 1975;Haufler & Gastony, 1978;Schneller et al, 1990;Chiou & Farrar, 1997;Schneller, 2008;Hollingsworth et al, 2012). In nature, antheridiogen systems generate gametophyte populations comprising large female gametophytes and small male gametophytes, resulting in a disproportionate number of gametophytes that may act only as male parents relative to those in non-antheridiogen-induced populations (Tryon & Vitale, 1977;Haufler & Soltis, 1984;Schneller et al, 1990;Hamilton & Lloyd, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of asymmetrical hybridization in North American wood ferns: reconciling patterns of inheritance with gametophyte reproductive biology

2014

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SummaryHybridization is an important evolutionary force in plants, but the mechanisms underlying it have not been well studied for many groups. In particular, the drivers of non-random patterns of interspecific gene flow (asymmetrical hybridization) remain poorly understood, especially in the seed-free vascular plants. Here, we examine patterns of asymmetrical hybridization in two widespread fern hybrids from eastern North America and study the role of gametophyte ecology in the determination of hybridization bias.We characterized the maternal parentage of > 140 hybrid sporophytes by sequencing a c. 350-bp region of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). To identify factors contributing to patterns of asymmetrical hybridization, we cultured gametophytes of the parental species and evaluated critical aspects of their reproductive biology.We found that asymmetrical hybridization was prevalent across the populations of both hybrids. Reproductive traits varied across species and suggest that selfing potential, antheridiogen responsiveness, sperm dispersal capacity and gamete size all contribute to the mediation of the direction of hybridization in this group.Our findings suggest that asymmetrical hybridization in ferns is driven by an array of reproductive traits. This study helps to sharpen and define a mechanistic understanding of patterns of hybridization in this group and demonstrates the importance of considering gametophyte biology when studying evolutionary processes in ferns.

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Antheridiogens

Cited by 32 publications

References 89 publications

Asymmetric hybridization in Central European populations of theDryopteris carthusianagroup

Asymmetric hybridization in Central European populations of theDryopteris carthusianagroup

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dryopteris carthusiana, D. dilatata and D. expansa

Dynamics of asymmetrical hybridization in North American wood ferns: reconciling patterns of inheritance with gametophyte reproductive biology

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