Anthocyanin intake is associated with improved memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Kent, Katherine; Yousefi, Maziar; Rosario, Vinicius A. do; Fitzgerald, Zoë; Broyd, Samantha J.; Visentin, Denis; Roodenrys, Steven; Walton, Karen; Charlton, Karen E

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2022.04.003

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A trial has also examined the effect of dietary anthocyanins on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in individuals of excess body weight [ 296 ]. The consumption of anthocyanin is reported to improve memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment [ 297 , 298 ]. The effects of anthocyanins on inflammatory and metabolic responses in a high-fat diet with cyanidin and delphinidin reported to exert beneficial effects in unhealthy diets [ 299 ].…”

Section: Flavonoid Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Melrose

2023

Antioxidants

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Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They have received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine and have been widely used in traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such complimentary medical herbal formulations are extremely complex mixtures of many pharmacologically active compounds that provide a therapeutic outcome through a network pharmacological effects of considerable complexity. Methods are emerging to determine the active components used in complimentary medicine and their therapeutic targets and to decipher the complexities of how network pharmacology provides such therapeutic effects. The gut microbiome has important roles to play in the generation of bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the intact flavonoid and, in some cases, new antitumor and antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items have been identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting that neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed to preserve a healthy population of bacterial symbiont species and minimize the establishment of harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an important consideration effecting the overall health and wellbeing of linked organ systems. Bioconversion of dietary flavonoid components in the gut generates therapeutic metabolites that can also be transported by the vagus nerve and systemic circulation to brain cell populations to exert a beneficial effect. This is particularly important in a number of neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized by effects on moods, resulting in depression and anxiety, impaired motor function, and long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids have many beneficial properties in the alleviation of inflammation in tissues, however, concerns have been raised that therapeutic levels of flavonoids may not be achieved, thus allowing them to display optimal therapeutic effects. Dietary manipulation and vagal stimulation have both yielded beneficial responses in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders, depression, and anxiety, establishing the vagal nerve as a route of communication in the gut-brain axis with established roles in disease intervention. While a number of native flavonoids are beneficial in the treatment of neurological disorders and are known to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated flavonoid metabolites (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency of the native flavonoid in addition to bioactive properties that promote mitochondrial health and cerebrovascular microcapillary function, should also be considered as potential biotherapeutic agents. Studies are warranted to experimentally examine the efficacy of flavonoid metabolites directly, as they emerge as novel therapeutic options.

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Section: Flavonoid Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Melrose

2023

Antioxidants

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“…However, there is conflicting evidence in the case of individuals at high risk of developing dementia, namely those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A recent study has suggested that cognitive scores in people with MCI were higher in those who had higher anthocyanin intake (>10 mg) (2) . Baseline data from 65 participants of an ongoing clinical trial that had an MIS (Memory Index Score) score ≤ 13 with self-reported subjective memory complaints, (mean age 69.1y ± 6.2) were used to investigate the relationship between dietary anthocyanin intake and indices of mood and cognitive performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual consumption of anthocyanin is associated with improvements in mood and cognitive performance in older people with memory complaints

Lorzadeh,

Kent,

Do Rosario

et al. 2024

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The role of flavonoids on cognitive performance in older adults has been intensively studied, with the subclass of anthocyanins showing promising outcomes(1). However, there is conflicting evidence in the case of individuals at high risk of developing dementia, namely those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A recent study has suggested that cognitive scores in people with MCI were higher in those who had higher anthocyanin intake (>10 mg)(2). Baseline data from 65 participants of an ongoing clinical trial that had an MIS (Memory Index Score) score ≤ 13 with self-reported subjective memory complaints, (mean age 69.1y ± 6.2) were used to investigate the relationship between dietary anthocyanin intake and indices of mood and cognitive performance. Repeated 24-hour dietary intake was recorded through Intake24 (a computer-based program) for three days (2Xweekday and 1Xweekend day) and anthocyanin intake was quantified using the PhenolExplorer food composition database. The primary outcome of interest was the Buschke and Grober Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test-Immediate Recall (FCSRT+IR) (assesses auditory anterograde memory functioning), while other cognitive functions assessed included: Spot the Word-2 (assessing premorbid estimate); Oral Symbol Digit Test (speed of processing); List Sorting (working memory); Trail Making Test A & B (speed of processing/executive function); and Verbal Fluency (language/semantic memory). Subjective memory complaints were assessed using the Memory Assessment Clinic-Q (MAC-Q) and mood was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Independent t-tests were used to compare differences in cognitive tasks and mood scores between high (>10 mg/d) and low consumers of anthocyanins (<10 mg/d). There was a trend for high anthocyanin consumers (n = 35, median = 44.87 (10.01, 177.83)) to score better on FCSRT-Delayed Free Recall scores (16.57 ± 3.74) compared to lower consumers (n = 30, median = 0.01 (0, 9.51)), (15.97 ± 0.18) with a mean difference (SE) of −1.06 (0.58) (p = 0.06) suggesting recall of 1.06 more words after a 20-30 minute delay. Higher consumers had a lower GDS score (1.77 ± 3.73) compared to lower consumers (3.73 ± 1.77), p = 0.01. Spot the word test scores (assesses premorbid verbal abilities using a robust lexical decision task) were higher for high anthocyanin consumers (53.06 ± 4.38) compared to lower consumers (50.40 ± 4.38), mean difference (SE) = −2.66 (1.10), p = 0.01, meaning participants with higher intake of dietary anthocyanin were able to point at 2.7 more real words than low consumers. Dietary consumption of anthocyanin in older adults with MIS is associated with beneficial effects on depressive scores and the ability to retrieve words. Further research is warranted to identify optimal dosage for recommended intake. This cross-sectional study used baseline data from a randomised controlled trial registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR):12622000065796.

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“…However, the usual dietary intake of anthocyanins in people diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and relationship with comprehensive indices of memory and cognition has not been well studied, limiting understanding of the potential for therapeutic interventions in this group. This study (1) investigated the association between usual anthocyanin intake and multiple indices of memory and cognition in 40 older adults diagnosed with MCI (Mini Mental State Examination score of ≥ 24 and an estimated premorbid IQ of > 80 using a Test of Premorbid Functioning) that were recruited to a randomised clinical trial. It was hypothesised that daily anthocyanin intake would be similar to healthy older adults and that higher anthocyanin intake would be associated with better cognitive performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanin intake is associated with improved memory in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2023

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Research on the role of dietary anthocyanins in preventing cognitive decline in older adults shows promise. However, the usual dietary intake of anthocyanins in people diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and relationship with comprehensive indices of memory and cognition has not been well studied, limiting understanding of the potential for therapeutic interventions in this group. This study (1) investigated the association between usual anthocyanin intake and multiple indices of memory and cognition in 40 older adults diagnosed with MCI (Mini Mental State Examination score of ≥ 24 and an estimated premorbid IQ of > 80 using a Test of Premorbid Functioning) that were recruited to a randomised clinical trial. It was hypothesised that daily anthocyanin intake would be similar to healthy older adults and that higher anthocyanin intake would be associated with better cognitive performance. Cognitive performance was assessed using a battery of tests including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Everyday Memory Questionnaire, the Complex Figure Test, the Royal Prince Alfred Prospective Memory Test (RPA-ProMem), Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory questionnaire self-report and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21).Dietary intake was assessed through 3-day food records and anthocyanin intake quantified using the PhenolExplorer food composition database. Multivariate linear regression adjusting for age, education and depression scores (DASS-21) was used to compare differences in cognitive performance between higher (≥ 10 mg/day) and lower consumers (< 10 mg/day). Overall, participants (mean age 77 (SD 6.9) years and mean BMI 25.9 (SD 3.0) kg/m 2 ) had low median intake of anthocyanins (5.3; IQR: 32.1 mg/day), with the lower consumer group having negligible dietary anthocyanins (median: 0.13; IQR: 1.5 mg/day), and the higher consumer group eating above the national average (median: 35.5; IQR: 71.5 mg/day). Higher anthocyanin consumers demonstrated better memory retention on the RAVLT, recalling between two and three words more than lower anthocyanin consumers after a short delay (B = 2.07, SE = 0.93, 95% CI [0.18, 3.96], p = 0.03) and longer delay (B = 2.68, SE = 1.11, 95% CI [0.43, 4.94], p = 0.02). Higher anthocyanin intakes were also associated forgetting around two words less on average over the RAVLT long-delay period (B = −2.63, SE = 0.63, 95% CI [−3.90, −1.35], p < 0.001). Associations between anthocyanins and performance on other cognitive tests was mixed, with most showing a null effect. Further investigation of the protective role of usual consumption of dietary anthocyanins for memory and cognition, in particular utilizing tests of verbal learning and memory, in pathological and normal ageing appears warranted. This cross-sectional study utilizes baseline data from a randomised controlled trial registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001184268).

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Anthocyanin intake is associated with improved memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Habitual consumption of anthocyanin is associated with improvements in mood and cognitive performance in older people with memory complaints

Anthocyanin intake is associated with improved memory in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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