Anthocyanin Pigmentation and Transposable Elements in Maize Aleurone

Jayaram, Ch.; Petérson, Peter A.

doi:10.1002/9781118061053.ch4

Cited by 3 publications

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“…East and Hayes (1911) reviewed the contributions of maize to the rediscovery of For other reviews see Coe et al, 1988, Jayaram and Peterson, 1990, and Booner et aL, 1991 Classes of compounds are in capital letters. The enzymes and genes associated with each reaction are indicated where known.…”

Section: The Anthocyanin Pathway In Zea Maysmentioning

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The effects of the C1 regulatory gene: a biochemical and genetic study of the anthocyanin pathway in Zea mays

Caldwell

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Section: The Anthocyanin Pathway In Zea Maysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the C1 regulatory gene: a biochemical and genetic study of the anthocyanin pathway in Zea mays

Caldwell

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Temporal synthesis and radiolabelling of the sorghum 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and the anthocyanin, cyanidin 3‐dimalonyl glucoside

Wharton

Nicholson

2000

New Phytologist

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) synthesizes a complex mixture of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in response to inoculation with the non-pathogenic fungus Bipolaris maydis. The anthocyanin cyanidin 3-dimalonyl glucoside, is also synthesized naturally in response to light. To determine the order and time of appearance of these compounds, etiolated sorghum mesocotyls were inoculated with B. maydis and tissue extracts were analysed by photodiode array-HPLC every 2 h for the first 24 h and at 48 h post inoculation (hpi). Uninoculated and inoculated etiolated mesocotyls were also allowed to incorporate L-[U-"%C] phenylalanine. Apigeninidin appeared at 10 hpi, followed by luteolinidin and apigeninidin 5-O-arabinoside at 14 hpi. Luteolinidin 5-methylether was not detected until 18 hpi and apigeninidin 7-methylether not until 20 hpi. The concentrations of the primary phytoalexins, apigeninidin, luteolinidin and apigeninidin 5-O-arabinoside, rose steadily between 12 and 24 hpi, and the levels of apigeninidin and luteolinidin were approximately equivalent by 24 hpi. However, between 24 and 48 hpi luteolinidin and luteolinidin 5-methylether accumulated rapidly so that by 48 hpi the amounts of luteolinidin and luteolinidin 5-methylether had increased approximately twofold. Radiolabelling also showed that "%C was incorporated into the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and cyanidin 3-dimalonyl glucoside. Several other unidentified phenolic compounds also accumulated radioactivity.

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Permanent fixation of an I/d-Spm insertion

Thatiparthi

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INTRODUCTION 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Discovery of Transposable Elements 5 2.1.1. Variegation in plants 5 2.1.2. McClintock's pioneering work in maize 2.2. General features of Transposable Elements 2.2.1. Genetic traits 2.2.2. Molecular traits 2.3. Transposable Element Systems in Maize 2.3.1. Basis of classification of systems 2.3.2. Summary of the systems identified in maize 2.4. The £r7/Spm Transposable Element System of Maize 2.4.1. Discovery of £r?/Sp/77 system 2.4.2. Molecular Cloning of fn/Spm element 2.4.3. Genetic functions of £f7/Sp/77 and their molecular basis 2.4.3.1. S function 20 2.4.3.2. M Function 2.4.3.3. A function 2.4.3.4. The Coex function 2.4.4. Model for En/Spm transposition 2.4.5. Regulation of En/Spm expression 34 2.4.5.1. Negative regulation of f/7/Sp/77 2.4.5.2. Positive regulation of En/Spm expression 40 2.4.5.3. Autoregulation of En/Spm 2.4.5.4. Modifiers of En/Spm expression 2.4.5.5. Environmental effect on En/Spm expression 43 2.5. States of Transposable Element function 43 2.5.2. The basis of states 46 2.5.2.1. The position hypothesis 46 2.5.2.2. The composition hypothesis 46 2.5.2.3. Genetic and molecular evidence 46 2.6. Transposable Elements as Introns 49 2.6.1. General features of introns 49 2.6.2. Features of introns in plants 50 2.6.3. Certain transposable element inserts behave as introns in maize 52 2.6.4. Relation to origin of introns 55 iii 2.7. Stability of Transposable Elements 2.7.1. Identification of stable inserts 2.7.2. Causes for stability 2.7.2.1. Stability related to methylation of transposable elements 2.7.2.2. Stability related to changes in the cis determinants of transposition 2.7.2.3. Stability related to size of the insert 2.7.3. Degree of stability of the transposable element inserts. . 2.8. Pervasiveness of Transposable Element Inserts in Maize 2.9. Consequences of Transposition Events 2.9.1. Chromosomal rearrangements 2.9.2. Footprints as sources of genetic variation 2.9.3. Transposons as gene tags 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1. Maize Kernel 3.1.1. Genes expressed in aleurone 3.

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Anthocyanin Pigmentation and Transposable Elements in Maize Aleurone

Cited by 3 publications

References 160 publications

The effects of the C1 regulatory gene: a biochemical and genetic study of the anthocyanin pathway in Zea mays

The effects of the C1 regulatory gene: a biochemical and genetic study of the anthocyanin pathway in Zea mays

Temporal synthesis and radiolabelling of the sorghum 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and the anthocyanin, cyanidin 3‐dimalonyl glucoside

Permanent fixation of an I/d-Spm insertion

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