Anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract inhibits proliferation of the MCF10A healthy human breast epithelial cell line through induction of G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis

Abstract

Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariaceae) possess a high content of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have been demonstrated to exhibit beneficial effects on health due to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic prope-rties. The present study investigated novel functions of anthocyanin‑rich blackcurrant extracts (BCEs) in a healthy mammary epithelial cell line, MCF10A. The percentages of viable cells were 85, 75, 53 and 31% following exposure to 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml BCE, respectively. The half‑maximal response concentration of BCE was 237.7 µg/ml. Microarray and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis demonstrated that BCE downregulated cell cycle signaling, including upstream genes with mitotic roles such as polo‑like kinase signaling. BCE increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the number of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Alkaline comet assays demonstrated that 50 and 100 µg/ml BCE induced DNA damage in a dose‑dependent manner. Cultures treated with 0, 50, and 100 µg/ml BCE contained 4.6, 13.4 and 16.0% apoptotic cells, respectively. As compared with the untreated cultures (1.9%), the number of necrotic cells increased in the 100 µg/ml BCE‑treated cultures (from 1.9 to 4.3%) but not in the 50 µg/ml BCE‑treated cultures. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that BCE reduced mRNA expression of the genomic caretaker lysine‑specific demethylas 5B (KDM5B). The results suggested that blackcurrant anthocyanins may act as cell arrest and death inducers via KDM5B downregulation in healthy breast cells.

Phytoestrogenic Effects of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increased Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Expression in Human Endothelial Cells and Ovariectomized Rats

“…Blackcurrants are reported to contain four anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G), and delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) [9]; D3R and C3R are anthocyanins specific to blackcurrant [10]. These anthocyanins are known to have many health benefits, such as suppression of inflammation [11,12,13], improvement of glucose metabolism [14,15,16] and promotion of cardiovascular health [17,18,19]. Furthermore, we previously reported that blackcurrant anthocyanins act as phytoestrogens both in vitro and in vivo [9,13,20,21].…”

Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increase the Levels of Collagen, Elastin, and Hyaluronic Acid in Human Skin Fibroblasts and Ovariectomized Rats

“…Blackcurrants are reported to contain four anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G), and delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) [ 1 ]. Blackcurrant anthocyanins have a number of health benefits, such as improving blood flow and preventing breast cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. However, there have been no reports on their health benefits for the skin.…”

Blackcurrant Extract with Phytoestrogen Activity Alleviates Hair Loss in Ovariectomized Rats

“…Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum L.) contains high levels of anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and delphinidin-3-rutinoside [1]. These anthocyanins are reported to have some health benefits, such as in the prevention of breast cancer and reduction of inflammation and obesity [2,3,4]. Furthermore, blackcurrant contains various bioactive compounds and has been traditionally used in the treatment of various conditions, including rheumatic disease [5].…”