Anthocyanins in aged blueberry-fed rats are found centrally and may enhance memory

Andrés‐Lacueva, Cristina; Shukitt‐Hale, Barbara; Galli, Rachel L.; Jáuregui, Olga; Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa M.; Joseph, James A.

doi:10.1080/10284150500078117

Cited by 492 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Furthermore, oral ingestion of pure epicatechin resulted in the detection of epicatechin glucuronide and 3 0 -O-methyl-epicatechin glucuronide in rat brain tissue [3]. Anthocyanidins have also been detected in the brain after oral administration [53,168], with several anthocyanidins being identified in different regions of rat brain after the animals were fed with blueberry [12]. Such flavonoid localisation has been correlated with increased cognitive performance, suggesting a central neuroprotective role of these components.…”

Section: Flavonoid Metabolism and Access To The Brainmentioning

confidence: 79%

The interactions of flavonoids within neuronal signalling pathways

2007

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Emerging evidence suggests that dietary phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, may exert beneficial effects in the central nervous system by protecting neurons against stress-induced injury, by suppressing neuroinflammation and by promoting neurocognitive performance, through changes in synaptic plasticity. It is likely that flavonoids exert such effects in neurons, through selective actions on different components within a number of protein kinase and lipid kinase signalling cascades, such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase. This review details the potential inhibitory or stimulatory actions of flavonoids within these pathways, and describes how such interactions are likely to affect cellular function through changes in the activation state of target molecules and/or by modulating gene expression. Although, precise sites of action are presently unknown, their abilities to: (1) bind to ATP binding sites on enzymes and receptors; (2) modulate the activity of kinases directly; (3) affect the function of important phosphatases; (4) preserve neuronal Ca 2+ homeostasis; and (5) modulate signalling cascades lying downstream of kinases, are explored. Future research directions are outlined in relation to their precise site(s) of action within the signalling pathways and the sequence of events that allow them to regulate neuronal function in the central nervous system.

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Section: Flavonoid Metabolism and Access To The Brainmentioning

confidence: 79%

The interactions of flavonoids within neuronal signalling pathways

2007

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“…The fact that anthocyanins can cross the blood-brain barrier and are taken up by brain tissue [Andres-Lacueva et al, 2005;Passamonti et al, 2005] suggest that inclusion of foods rich in Dp to the diet may improve the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches of glioblastomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanidins inhibit migration of glioblastoma cells: Structure‐activity relationship and involvement of the plasminolytic system

Lamy

Lafleur

Bédard

et al. 2006

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Complete resection of malignant glioblastomas is usually impossible because of diffuse and widespread invasion of tumor cells, and complementary approaches need to be developed in order to improve the efficacy of current treatments. Consumption of fruits and berries has been associated with decreased risk of developing cancer and there is great interest in the use of molecules from dietary origin to improve anticancer therapies. In this work, we report that the aglycons of the most abundant anthocyanins in fruits, cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), and petunidin (Pt), act as potent inhibitors of glioblastoma cell migration. Dp clearly exhibited the highest inhibitory potency, this effect being related to the ortho-dihydroxyphenyl structure on the B-ring and the presence of a free hydroxyl group at position 3. Dp decreases the expression of both urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), acting at the transcriptional levels. In addition, Dp upregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and downregulated the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) but decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, the uPA-dependent conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, indicating that the upregulation of uPA observed with these compounds was not associated with induction of the plasminolytic activity. Overall, these results demonstrate that Dp, Pt, and Cy affect plasminogen activation, thus leading to the inhibition of glioblastoma cell migration and therefore they may be helpful for the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.

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“…Furthermore, flavanones have also been found in rodent brain following intravenous administration (66) . With regard to specific brain localisation, several studies report anthocyanins in different regions of the brain of both rodents and pigs after supplementation with blueberry (58,67,68) and grape extract (69) and ( -)-EC and its O-methylated derivatives have been shown in the brains of mice supplemented with the pure compound for 2 weeks (70) . Lastly, a 12-week blueberry supplementation was shown to result in accumulation of anthocyanins and flavanols in both the hippocampus and cortex (24) , with the total amounts of flavanols (including flavanol metabolites) being much higher than that of anthocyanins despite blueberry being higher in the latter.…”

Section: Bioavailability Of Flavonoids In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids as modulators of memory and learning: molecular interactions resulting in behavioural effects

Rendeiro

Guerreiro

et al. 2012

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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There is considerable interest in the potential of a group of dietary-derived phytochemicals known as flavonoids in modulating neuronal function and thereby influencing memory, learning and cognitive function. The present review begins by detailing the molecular events that underlie the acquisition and consolidation of new memories in the brain in order to provide a critical background to understanding the impact of flavonoid-rich diets or pure flavonoids on memory. Data suggests that despite limited brain bioavailability, dietary supplementation with flavonoid-rich foods, such as blueberry, green tea and Ginkgo biloba lead to significant reversals of age-related deficits on spatial memory and learning. Furthermore, animal and cellular studies suggest that the mechanisms underpinning their ability to induce improvements in memory are linked to the potential of absorbed flavonoids and their metabolites to interact with and modulate critical signalling pathways, transcription factors and gene and/or protein expression which control memory and learning processes in the hippocampus; the brain structure where spatial learning occurs. Overall, current evidence suggests that human translation of these animal investigations are warranted, as are further studies, to better understand the precise cause-and-effect relationship between flavonoid intake and cognitive outputs. Flavonoids: Memory: Learning: HippocampusDiet is an important lifestyle factor, which in recent times has been investigated for its influence on cognitive function and the incidence and onset of neurodegenerative disorders (1,2) . It has long been known that a diet high in saturated fats negatively impacts on cognitive processing and increases the risk of neurological dysfunction in both animals and human subjects (3,4) , while energy restriction (reduction in approximately 30 % energy intake) protects the brain from injury (5,6) . Recently, significant evidence has emerged to indicate that phytochemical-rich foods, and in particular those rich in flavonoids, may reverse agerelated deficits in cognitive function in both animals and human subjects (7)(8)(9) . For example, the PAQUID prospective study examined cognitive performance in 1640 subjects (aged at least 65 years and cognitively normal at baseline) on four occasions over a 10-year-period and found that flavonoid-intake was associated with a significantly better cognitive performance over time (7) (P = 0 . 046). Furthermore, a cross-sectional study examining the relationship between the intake of three common flavonoid-containing foods (chocolate, wine and tea) and cognitive performance in elderly individuals revealed that there was a dose-dependent, positive relationship between the intake of these foods and performance on multiple cognitive outcomes (Kendrick Object Learning Test, Digit Symbol Test, Block Design, Mini-Mental State Examination and Controlled Oral Word Association Test) (10) . More recently, the consumption of dietary flavonoids, especially

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Anthocyanins in aged blueberry-fed rats are found centrally and may enhance memory

Cited by 492 publications

References 58 publications

The interactions of flavonoids within neuronal signalling pathways

The interactions of flavonoids within neuronal signalling pathways

Anthocyanidins inhibit migration of glioblastoma cells: Structure‐activity relationship and involvement of the plasminolytic system

Flavonoids as modulators of memory and learning: molecular interactions resulting in behavioural effects

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