Anthracene-based indium metal–organic framework as a promising photosensitizer for visible-light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide an attractive platform for designing and synthesizing photoactive hybrid materials for photochemical reactions. We report here the utilization of a new visible-light responsive indium MOF for inducing the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methacrylate monomers, where well-designed polymers with controlled molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distribution and high retention of chain-end groups have been prepared. The kinetics study reveals that the MOFmediated ATRP shows characteristics of controlled radical polymerization (CRP). Besides, the polymerization can be easily regulated by light. Furthermore, the heterogeneous MOF can be easily recovered from the reaction and recycled for the photopolymerization. This study has involved photoactive MOFs materials into a new photochemical reaction of polymer synthesis.

Heterogeneous photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization

“…11). The utility of anthracene derivative-based MOFs in photocatalytic RDRP was further explored by using In 120 and Zr 119 in place of Zn.…”

Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for PET‐RAFT Polymerization and Stereolithography

“…[21] Anthracene based MOFs were reported to initiate the ATRP of methacrylate monomers,w here anthracene-based ligands photocatalyzed the reduction of dormant Cu II to active Cu I under visible light irradiation. [22] Alternatively,S chmidt and co-workers reported the use of aC u II based MOF,w herein the copper nodes could be reduced to Cu I to activate ATRP under visible irradiation. [23] However,t hese MOF mediated photoATRP systems operated by reducing Cu II inevitably leads to copper contamination of the final polymer products.…”

Imine‐based covalent organic framework as photocatalyst for visible‐light‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization

“…However, the absorption of these materials is very close to the UV region, which cause several side reactions under high energies irradiation. Recently, the utilization of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with wide absorption bands realized in situ reductions of Cu II complex in the photoinduced ATPR, which greatly reduced the dosage of the metal catalyst 28–31 . So far, few such photocatalysts have been developed.…”

“…Recently, the utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with wide absorption bands realized in situ reductions of Cu II complex in the photoinduced ATPR, which greatly reduced the dosage of the metal catalyst. [28][29][30][31] So far, few such photocatalysts have been developed. Hence, photoactive heterogeneous catalysts with broad absorption bands and excellent electron transfer capability should be further explored for photoinduced ATRP.…”