Anthracene‐based g‐C ₃ N ₄ photocatalyst for regeneration of NAD (P)H and sulfide oxidation based on Z‐scheme nature

Abstract

Direct conversion of sunlight into value-added chemicals through artificial photosynthesis has been recognized as one of the most promising ways to address the global energy needs and to utilize the sustainable energy source. Even though the various semiconducting materials have been used for the solardriven production of chemicals, many experimental efforts have been still focusing on developing clean and reusable photocatalysts. In this study, we report the new metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) composite including anthracene moieties as a primary photosensitizer. The morphological and electronic structure of anthracene-based g-C 3 N 4 (An-g-C 3 N 4 ) composite were characterized by optical spectroscopies, electrochemical measurements, and theoretical calculations based on density-functional theory. The An-g-C 3 N 4 composite exhibited outstanding photocatalytic efficiency for the regenerations of NAD(P)H cofactors owing to the prominent charge-transferred character and the superb light absorption. This study demonstrates that the catalytic reaction employing the combination of An-g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst and Z-scheme nature would be a suitable option for artificial photosynthesis.

Rational design of a graphitic carbon nitride catalytic–biocatalytic system as a photocatalytic platform for solar fine chemical production from CO2

“…The IV/IV a monomer (1 p ,4 p -dihydro derivative) of NADH/NADPH could be a new photocatalytic platform for production of formic acid from CO 2 (Scheme 2). 58,59…”

Aloe vera‐derived graphene‐coupled phenosafranin photocatalyst for generation and regeneration of ammonia and NADH by mimicking natural photosynthetic route

“…The V monomer (1p, 4p-dihydro derivative) of NADH could be a new photocatalytic platform for production of formic acid from CO 2 . 47,48 Action of ORC for conversion of NAD + to NADH Probable mechanistic ways for regeneration of regioselective 1,4-NADH via the ORC is designated in Scheme 2. The transfer of photogenerated electrons from ADGCP photocatalyst to ORC takes place in the presence of solar light.…”

Unleashing the solar revolution: harnessing the power of an ultra-strong tensile strength PGTPP nanocomposite photocatalyst for artificial photosynthesis

“…In addition, as illustrated in Scheme 2, a single electronreduced NAD + /NADP + (NAD(P) radical) is created and can dimerize to produce a physiologically inactive reduction product. 30,31 A photosensitizer, an electron mediator, and a catalyst are the three essential parts of a photo-redox system for the regeneration of NAD(P)H. 30 A ferredoxin-NADP + reductase (FNR, EC 1.18.1.2)-based photo-redox system is created as an illustration of the enzymatic reduction of NAD(P) + . A light-driven NAD(P)H regeneration system is created by using [Cp*Rh (bpy) H 2 O] 2+ (rhodium complex, R c ) as an electron mediator between the photosensitizer and FNR as a catalyst.…”

“…A light-driven NAD(P)H regeneration system is created by using [Cp*Rh (bpy) H 2 O] 2+ (rhodium complex, R c ) as an electron mediator between the photosensitizer and FNR as a catalyst. 31 Although this approach uses enzymes with high selectivity, cost, durability, and scalability as its disadvantages, R c complexes have been utilized as catalysts for electron and hydride transfer in the presence of a photosensitizer as examples of non-enzymatic photoreduction of NAD(P) + . 32 We concentrated on the R c catalyst because it is advantageous for the creation of hydrides in this method.…”