Anthropogenic contributions to global carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and organosulfides fluxes

Lee, Chon‐Lin; Brimblecombe, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.005

Cited by 92 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 192 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…There are indications of other parts of the OCS budget being underestimated, such as domestic coal combustion (Du et al, 2016). Emissions of biomass burning and direct and indirect anthropogenic emissions have been considered in previous estimates (e.g., 315.5 Gg S yr −1 in Berry et al, 2013, 224 Gg S yr −1 in Kuai et al, 2015, and 219 Gg S yr −1 in Glatthor et al, 2015), but a recent anthropogenic emission estimate by Lee and Brimblecombe (2016) increases this number to 598 Gg S yr −1 , which would already bring sources and sinks closer to agreement. They attribute the largest direct OCS emissions to biomass and biofuel burning, as well as pulp and paper manufacturing, and the largest CS 2 emissions to the rayon industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct oceanic emissions unlikely to account for the missing source of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere. A missing source in its atmospheric budget is currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of the vegetation sink. Tropical oceanic emissions have been proposed to close the resulting gap in the atmospheric budget. We present a bottom-up approach including (i) new observations of OCS in surface waters of the tropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans and (ii) a further improved global box model to show that direct OCS emissions are unlikely to account for the missing source. The box model suggests an undersaturation of the surface water with respect to OCS integrated over the entire tropical ocean area and, further, global annual direct emissions of OCS well below that suggested by top-down estimates. In addition, we discuss the potential of indirect emission from CS 2 and dimethylsulfide (DMS) to account for the gap in the atmospheric budget. This bottom-up estimate of oceanic emissions has implications for using OCS as a proxy for global terrestrial CO 2 uptake, which is currently impeded by the inadequate quantification of atmospheric OCS sources and sinks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct oceanic emissions unlikely to account for the missing source of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide

et al. 2017

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“…Global anthropogenic COS sources are dominated by the indirect source from industrial CS 2 emissions during rayon production [ Campbell et al, ; Lee and Brimblecombe , ]. The emitted CS 2 is rapidly oxidized to COS in the troposphere [ Chin and Davis , ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with all indirect emissions from CS 2 , we use the molar oxidation conversion factor from CS 2 to COS of 81%. For industry activity, we use the U.S. carbon black production in year 2015 of 1.6 × 10 6 t. Production of the pigment TiO 2 results in direct emissions of COS. We used an emission factor of 14.7 g COS/kg of TiO 2 produced [ Blake et al, ] and industry activity of 1.26 × 10 6 t for the year 2014 [ Lee and Brimblecombe , ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gridded anthropogenic emissions inventory and atmospheric transport of carbonyl sulfide in the U.S.

et al. 2017

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Carbonyl sulfide (COS or OCS), the most abundant sulfur‐containing gas in the troposphere, has recently emerged as a potentially important atmospheric tracer for the carbon cycle. Atmospheric inverse modeling studies may be able to use existing tower, airborne, and satellite observations of COS to infer information about photosynthesis. However, such analysis relies on gridded anthropogenic COS source estimates that are largely based on industry activity data from over three decades ago. Here we use updated emission factor data and industry activity data to develop a gridded inventory with a 0.1° resolution for the U.S. domain. The inventory includes the primary anthropogenic COS sources including direct emissions from the coal and aluminum industries as well as indirect sources from industrial carbon disulfide emissions. Compared to the previously published inventory, we found that the total anthropogenic source (direct and indirect) is 47% smaller. Using this new gridded inventory to drive the Sulfur Transport and Deposition Model/Weather Research and Forecasting atmospheric transport model, we found that the anthropogenic contribution to COS variation in the troposphere is small relative to the biosphere influence, which is encouraging for carbon cycle applications in this region. Additional anthropogenic sectors with highly uncertain emission factors require further field measurements.

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“…These sources include direct emissions of OCS as well as indirect sources caused by anthropogenic emissions of CS 2 . The dominant 15 anthropogenic source is from rayon production , while other large anthropogenic sources include coal combustion, aluminum smelting, pigment production, shipping, tire wear, vehicle emissions, and coke production Chin and Davis, 1993;Lee and Brimblecombe, 2016;Watts, 2000). Temporally and spatially explicit inventories have been created for use in OCS atmospheric transport models Zumkehr et al, 2017).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and Syntheses: Carbonyl Sulfide as a Multi-scale Tracer for Carbon and Water Cycles

Whelan¹,

Lennartz²,

Gimeno³

et al. 2017

Preprint

113

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Abstract. For the past decade, observations of carbonyl sulfide (OCS or COS) have been investigated as a proxy for carbon uptake by plants. OCS is destroyed by enzymes that interact with CO 2 during 25 photosynthesis, namely carbonic anhydrase (CA) and RuBisCO, where CA is the more important. The majority of sources of OCS to the atmosphere are geographically separated from this large plant sink, whereas the sources and sinks of CO 2 are co-located in ecosystems. The drawdown of OCS can therefore be related to the uptake of CO 2 without the added complication of co-located emissions comparable in magnitude. Here we review the state of our understanding of the global OCS cycle and 30 its applications to ecosystem carbon cycle science. OCS uptake is correlated well to plant carbon uptake, especially at the regional scale. OCS can be used in conjunction with other independent measures of ecosystem function, like solar-induced fluorescence and carbon and water isotope studies.More work needs to be done to generate global coverage for OCS observations and to link this powerful Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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Anthropogenic contributions to global carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and organosulfides fluxes

Cited by 92 publications

References 192 publications

Direct oceanic emissions unlikely to account for the missing source of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide

Direct oceanic emissions unlikely to account for the missing source of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide

Gridded anthropogenic emissions inventory and atmospheric transport of carbonyl sulfide in the U.S.

Reviews and Syntheses: Carbonyl Sulfide as a Multi-scale Tracer for Carbon and Water Cycles

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