“…Coastal areas are highly dynamic and changeable systems affected by a number of natural and anthropogenic forcing factors, such as wind and waves directional change [1,2], currents [3,4], sea-level fluctuations [5,6], sediment budget [7,8], topography [9,10], tectonics [11,12], presence of coastal infrastructures, and sand extraction [13,14]. The results of the above processes can cause variations of shore morphology in long and short time spans, and therefore it can impact the coastal environmental quality, socioeconomic value, security of beaches and harbours, and natural resources [15].…”