Anthropology and Demography: The Mutual Reinforcement of Speculation and Research [and Comments and Reply]

Caldwell, John C.; Caldwell, Pat; Caldwell, Bruce; Eversley, D. E. C.; Fix, Alan G.; Howell, Nancy; Nag, Moni; Taeuber, Conrad; Walle, Francine van de

doi:10.1086/203489

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Here, it is recognized that significant deviations from stable and stationary population conditions are to be expected in circumstances where groups are undergoing marked changes in sociopolitical organization, subsistence strategies, etc. (Sattenspiel and Harpending, 1983;Buikstra et al, 1986;Howell, 1986;Caldwell et al, 1987;O'Brien, 1987). However, given the relative long-term stability of Green River Archaic cultural and environmental adaptations, the assumptions of stable and stationary population dynamics are justified (Winters, 1974;Weiss and Smouse, 1976).…”

Section: Multifactorial Summary Age Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleodemography of the Carlston Annis (Bt‐5) Late Archaic skeletal population

Mensforth

1990

American J Phys Anthropol

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The study presents a demographic assessment of the Carlston Annis (Bt-5) Late Archaic hunting and gathering population recovered from the banks of the Green River in west-central Kentucky. The shell midden habitation and cemetery site originally yielded the remains of 390 individuals. Radiocarbon dates place site occupation between 3,000 and 4,500 y.b.p. The skeletal sample consisted of 354 individuals ranging in age from 7 months in utero to 70 + years. Subadults were aged by seriation of dental and skeletal developmental criteria. Adult ages were determined by the multifactorial summary age method that employed 1) five indicators of adult skeletal age at death, 2) the procedure of age indicator seriation, and 3) differential weighting of age assessments as determined by principal components analysis. Adult sex diagnoses were based on qualitative assessment of pelvic and cranial morphological criteria. The Bt-5 life table analysis yields an E0 of 22.4 years, crude birth of 45, mean family size of 3.3, gross reproductive rate of 2.7, generation length of 26.6 years, and B of .076, indicating a healthy population with a substantial capability to replace succeeding generations. Survivorship profiles and demographic parameters that compare the Carlston Annis (Bt-5) and Indian Knoll (Oh-2) skeletal series are presented. Both populations display type II survivorship curves, with high infant mortality and early onset of elevated mortality rates in adults. Major differences between Bt-5 and Oh-2 demographic parameters concern adult sex ratio and adult age distribution over 30 years. These differences are interpreted to reflect census errors in the Oh-2 demographic reconstruction that were possibly introduced by selective methodological biases and/or taphonomic factors.

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Section: Multifactorial Summary Age Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleodemography of the Carlston Annis (Bt‐5) Late Archaic skeletal population

Mensforth

1990

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…As Caldwell explained in a 1987 piece, BUnfortunately, anthropologists and demographers have been most attracted by each other's most speculative, largest-scale, and least secure evidence^(p. 34). Nonetheless, since the 1980s, a number of scholars have attempted to work across these disciplinary divides and to draw insights from critical scholarship in each (see, for example, Basu and Aaby 1998;Bledsoe 2002;Caldwell et al 1987;Coast et al 2007;Greenhalgh 1995;Johnson-Hanks 2002;Setel 1999;Szreter et al 2004).…”

Section: Across the Epistemological Dividementioning

confidence: 99%

Category and Kin in “Crisis”: Representations of Kinship, Care, and Vulnerability in Demographic and Ethnographic Research in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Reynolds

2015

St Comp Int Dev

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Drawing together 10 years of surveillance data on and material gathered through ethnographic engagements with a small group of 20 young people and families, the article interrogates tensions and complementarities in the ways in which divergent research modalities come to represent kinship, family life, and changing forms of child vulnerability over time. The article begins by drawing out some of the tensions between demographic and ethnographic modes of inquiry, exploring the divergent objects and values of each. The focus then shifts from these broader epistemological debates to explore the life of a selected Bcase^as it unfolds within both a demographic database and through ethnographic research in one locality in South Africa. To resolve the tensions between these perspectives, the article concludes that we must move beyond a focus on empirical divergences between forms of research representation. Rather, we must develop more rigorous methodologies for critical, comparative, Bmulti-sited^analyses of forms of experience and local-life worlds. Understanding the divergent insights that can be gained through different modes of inquiry, and the ways in which they shape and are shaped by everyday experiences in locality, is essential to coming to terms with contemporary forms of governance and everyday life.

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“…In the 1980s there are several studies focused on the links between population and migration (and so BD). For example, we find the works of Miro & Potter (1980) Vicziany (1982) [India], King (1983) [he studies the migration from the LDCs and its social consequences for these ones], Kuper (1983), Tabah (1984), McNicoll (1984) [he analises the consequences of a quick population's growth], Bernard (1986), Kearney (1986), Caldwell, Caldwell & Caldwell (1987), Wood (1989) [he, analysing the social aspects of the apartheid in South Africa, quotes the BD as one of these consequences] and Scheffel (1990). 26 27 .…”

Section: International Coordination Of the Research And Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain Drain: A Survey of the Literature

Giannoccolo

2009

SSRN Journal

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This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on Brain Drain (BD). We propose an ideal path that links the first studies with the most recent ones. In this development, the literature on BD focuses on a variety of economic and social issues and recalls to national and international debates. This paper uses more than 350 articles from a variety of sources. The sources are specialized professionals journals, internet research engines, governmental publications and newspapers. In the first part we analyse briefly the BD, its different definitions and the historical roots of the BD. This part shows that the BD is a wide and complex phenomenon. In the second part, we propose an ideal path to interpret the literature. This part analyses how BD is linked to political and social events, according to the Economy.

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Anthropology and Demography: The Mutual Reinforcement of Speculation and Research [and Comments and Reply]

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Paleodemography of the Carlston Annis (Bt‐5) Late Archaic skeletal population

Paleodemography of the Carlston Annis (Bt‐5) Late Archaic skeletal population

Category and Kin in “Crisis”: Representations of Kinship, Care, and Vulnerability in Demographic and Ethnographic Research in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The Brain Drain: A Survey of the Literature

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