Anthropometric cutoff values for predicting metabolic syndrome in a Saudi community: from the SAUDI-DM study

Al-Rubean, Khalid; Youssef, Amira M.; Al-Farsi, Yousuf; Al-Sharqawi, Ahmad H.; Bawazeer, Nahla Mohammed; Alotaibi, Mohammad T; AlRumaih, F I; Zaidi, Muhammad Shoaib

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2017.21

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our results also showed that the cut-off values of WC for detecting the components of metabolic syndrome ranged from 82.1 to 96 cm for females and 85.3 to 96 cm for males. Similarly, the cut-off values of WHR for detecting the components of metabolic syndrome for women ranged from 0.78 to 0.89; while that of men ranged from 0.86 to 0.95, which is very close to the reports of other studies [ 45 , 48 ]. The optimal cut-off values for WC and WHR were 92 cm, 0.89, for men and 87 cm, 0.81 and for women for identifying the risk of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Optimal cut-off for obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome for Ethiopian adults

Sinaga

Worku

Yemane

et al. 2018

Nutr J

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BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the presence of central obesity plus any two of the following markers: high triglycerides (> 150 mg/dl), low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < 40 mg/dl in men and < 50 mg/dl in women, hypertension (blood pressure > 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication), high fasting blood glucose (> 100 mg/dl or use of treatment for diabetes mellitus). Since recently, metabolic syndrome and obesity have become emerging problems of both low and middle income countries, although they have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high income countries for the past decades. It has been indicated that the international anthropometric cut-off for detecting obesity is not appropriate for Ethiopians. This study developed optimal cut off values for anthropometric indicators of obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome for Ethiopian adults to enhance preventive interventions.MethodsA total of 704 employees of Jimma University were randomly selected using their payroll as a sampling frame. Data on socio-demographic, anthropometry, clinical and blood samples were collected from February to April 2015. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analyses were used to determine optimal anthropometric cut-off values for obesity and markers of the metabolic syndrome. WHO indicators of obesity based on body fat percent (> 25% for males and > 35% for females) were used as binary classifiers for developing anthropometric cut-offs. Optimal cut-off values were presented using sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.ResultsThe optimal cut-off for obesity using body mass index was 22.2 k/m2 for males and 24.5 kg/m2 for females. Similarly, the optimal waist circumference cut-off for obesity was 83.7 cm for males and 78.0 cm for females. The cut-off values for detecting obesity using waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were: WHR (0.88) and WHtR (0.49) for males, while they were 0.82 and 0.50 for females, respectively. Anthropometric cut-off values for markers of metabolic syndrome were lower compared to the international values. For females, the optimal BMI cut-offs for metabolic syndrome markers ranged from 24.8 kg/m2 (triglycerides) to 26.8 kg/m2 (fasting blood sugar). For WC the optimal cut-off ranged from of 82.1 cm (triglyceride) to 96.0 cm(HDL); while for WHtR the optimal values varied from 0.47(HDL) to 0.56(fasting blood sugar). Likewise, the optimal cut-offs of WHR for markers of metabolic syndrome ranged from 0.78(fasting blood sugar) to 0.89(HDL and blood pressure). For males, the optimal BMI cut-offs for metabolic syndrome markers ranged from 21.0 kg/m2 (HDL) to 23.5 kg/m2 (blood pressure). For WC, the optimal cut-off ranged from 85.3 cm (triglyceride) to 96.0 cm(fasting blood sugar); while for WHtR the optimal values varied from 0.47(BP, FBS and HDL) to 0.53(Triglyceride). Similarly, the optimal cut-offs of WHR form markers of metabolic syndrome ranged from 0.86(blood pressure) to 0.95(fasting blood sugar).ConclusionThe optimal anthropometric ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Optimal cut-off for obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome for Ethiopian adults

Sinaga

Worku

Yemane

et al. 2018

Nutr J

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“…Therefore, with such a high prevalence of the various components of metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia would be expected to exceed that is reported in other countries. The current study shows the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia to be 39.8% according to the ATP III criteria and 31.6% according to the IDF criteria, when local waist circumference cutoff values have been implemented [ 16 ]. Gulf countries that have passed through similar socio-economic transitions have also shown similar levels of prevalence of metabolic syndrome, in spite of the use of lower cutoff values for waist circumference in both men and women in the current study [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the waist circumference cutoff values that were used for men in the community under study were lower than those proposed by the ATP III and IDF [ 2 , 3 ]. However, this was not the case for women, as the waist circumference cutoff values used for Saudi women were higher than those specified by the IDF criteria, and closer to those of the ATP III criteria [ 16 ]. Another reason behind the low prevalence of metabolic syndrome among women in Saudi society is the lower rate of smoking among Saudi women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic syndrome was defined, using both the modified National Cholesterol Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and implementing the new cutoff value for waist circumference in Saudi society [ 16 ]. Therefore, subjects were considered to have metabolic syndrome if they had central obesity that was defined by a waist circumference ≥ 92 cm in men and ≥87 cm in women, along with two or more of the following criteria, as per the IDF definition [ 3 ]: high fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), or patients known to have diabetes mellitus and/or on treatment for diabetes; hypertriglyceridemia - serum triglyceride level ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L); low HDL cholesterol - serum HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in men and < 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women, or patients known to have dyslipidiema; high blood pressure - SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg, or patients known to have hypertension, and/or on treatment for hypertension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia - a cross sectional study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe evaluation of metabolic syndrome in a society predisposed to the diabetes mellitus epidemic opens a new avenue to understanding this rapidly growing global metabolic problem. Although Saudi Arabia reports one of the highest prevalence levels of obesity and diabetes, a very limited number of epidemiological studies have examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among the adult Saudi population in comparison to other countries.MethodsA total of 12,126 Saudi subjects were randomly recruited from the 13 administrative regions, and evaluated for metabolic syndrome and its risk factors. This exercise was carried out by trained physicians, through clinical evaluations and overnight fasting blood glucose and lipid profile measurements. Both the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and modified National Cholesterol Education Program and Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) Criteria were employed, and subjects with metabolic syndrome were identified using country-specific waist circumference cutoff values.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia was found to be 39.8% (34.4% in men and 29.2% in women) and 31.6% (45.0% in men and 35.4% in women), according to the NCEP ATP III and IDF criteria, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was also observed to be more prevalent among men and older subjects. The most frequently observed component of metabolic syndrome was found to be low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), followed by abdominal obesity. The most significant risk factors in the studied cohort included age ≥ 45, smoking history, low educational level, and living in urban areas.ConclusionsThis study shows a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia, and thereby warrants urgent implementation of preventive health care strategies to reduce both morbidity and mortality related to this medical problem.

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“…The prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia has been reported as 39.3% following the ATP III criteria additionally the prevalence of other parameters for metabolic syndrome has been reached to the apex in the kingdom [15,16]. Saudi Arabia has been considered worldwide as the country with high prevalence of diabetes and in the same manner the obesity has the direct effect on more than 1/3 adolescent population [17]. The recent study is designed to understand the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, association with obesity and risk factors in adolescent population of Al-Dawadmi and Shaqra Region of Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Metabolic Disorder in Adolescent Residing in Al-dawadmi and Shaqra Regions of Saudi Arabia

Alabdullatif

Alotaibi

Deshwali

et al. 2019

JAMPS

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The recent study was aimed to estimate the prevalence and develop the relationship of the clinical history like diabetes, cardiac disease and vitamin D deficiency and obesity and their impact on metabolic disorders for adolescent residing near Dawadmi and Shaqra region. Two hundred samples (142 Females & 58 Males) were utilized in the study with an age ranging 13-20 and distributed the questionnaire to record the responses. The results exhibited that 38% subjects responded positively for clinical history with cardiac disease, while 70.5 and 47% responded positively for the clinical history with diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. The clinical history with diabetes, cardiac disease and vitamin D deficiency was observed the major risk factors acting in descending order diabetes-cardiac disease-vitamin D deficiency.

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Anthropometric cutoff values for predicting metabolic syndrome in a Saudi community: from the SAUDI-DM study

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Optimal cut-off for obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome for Ethiopian adults

Optimal cut-off for obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome for Ethiopian adults

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia - a cross sectional study

Prevalence of Metabolic Disorder in Adolescent Residing in Al-dawadmi and Shaqra Regions of Saudi Arabia

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