Anthropometric evaluation of a 3D scanning mobile application

Abstract

Anthropometric measurements have long been used to study human anatomic features related to body size and shape (1). The versatility and practicality of anthropometry led to the introduction of digital scanners in the 1980s designed to accurately capture the needed body dimensions for clothing manufacture (2-4). Rapid technological advancements over the past several decades have led to increased use of digital anthropometry in health care settings for acquiring clinically relevant anatomic measurements (5,6). However, these newer devices are still relatively costly and are typically nontransportable.The limitations of three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging devices prompted the development of smartphone applications (apps) that are designed to quantify body anthropometric dimensions comparable to those acquired by larger and more costly systems. To our knowledge, few studies have so far examined the accuracy and precision of these apps relative to the more conventional digital systems and to reference estimates using expert-measured body dimensions quantified with a flexible tape.The aim of the current study was to fill this gap by comparing anthropometric (circumference) measurements acquired with a free downloadable smartphone app (MeThreeSixty; Size Stream LLC,

Evaluation of automated anthropometrics produced by smartphone-based machine learning: a comparison with traditional anthropometric assessments

“…There was a slight drop-off in precision when estimates were compared between smartphone types; however, precision remained within an acceptable range. While there are only a few studies have evaluated the precision of automated anthropometrics using mobile applications, (16,26) there is contention regarding the precision of traditional tape measurements citing inaccuracies between self-measured and professionally measured assessments (27) and measurements for those of higher weight status. (27,28) Another method shown to produce https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114523000090 Published online by Cambridge University Press Accepted manuscript reliable digital anthropometrics is three-dimensional (3D) optical scanning.…”

“…( 16) Typically, these studies determine agreement by comparing automated measures to tape measurements taken at sites specifically defined by the mobile application. (16,31) While this methodological approach may result in better agreement, it may also limit real-world application given that self-or professionally-measured circumferences may be taken from considerably different locations than from those suggested by the mobile application. Moreover, measurement sites may be markedly different between mobile applications making them difficult to compare.…”

Digital Single-Image Smartphone Assessment of Total Body Fat and Abdominal Fat Using Machine Learning

“…Our findings provide the first evidence that 2D DP is a valid method to estimate abdominal FM in adults. We found greater reliability (concordance coefficient = 0.992 to 0.995) and accuracy (0.01 to 0.04 kg; p = 0.83) than the more variable (R 2 = 0.78 to 0.95) and less accurate (7 cm) 3D imaging systems for measurement of waist circumference [ 30 , 31 ]. Although preliminary, these results demonstrate a proof of concept for single, lateral 2D DP for future investigation.…”

Privacy paradox in 3D body scanning technology: the effect of 3D virtual try-on experience in the relationship between privacy concerns and mobile app adoption intention

“…These digitized 3D images have been used in the mass customization of apparel, and consumers can choose a garment with a style that matches their choices through the personally created avatars seen on the computer screen (Lu and Hahn, 2019). In the early stage of 3D body scanning technology's commercialization, retailers adopted it to provide customized services in their stores and used it to identify garments that suit the individual customer's unique body shape and size (Bodymetrics, 2012;Govisetech, 2021;Smith et al 2022). For example, Bloomingdales launched the "Body-Sizing Pod" in their store in 2012 that allowed shoppers to find jeans quickly that fit their body size and shape perfectly (Govisetech, 2021).…”

“…Lots of innovative software providers (e.g., Fit3D, StyKu) have made the technology accessible to consumers (Lu and Hahn, 2019). Virtual shoppers can scan their bodies at home with affordable and portable 3D technologies through mobile apps (Lu and Hahn, 2019;Smith et al, 2022). As the development of technology has paved the way for mass consumers' use, in 2019 Chip Bergh, Levi Strauss CEO, stated that "Sizes will go out the window 10 years from now.…”