Anthropometric indicators of visceral adiposity as predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review

Almeida, Neogélia; Rocha, Raquel; Cotrim, Helma Pinchemel; Daltro, Carla

doi:10.4254/wjh.v10.i10.695

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Obesity is an important underlying cause of NAFLD, and BMI is believed to be correlated with NAFLD 33 . WC is another anthropometric index that is a strong predictor of the presence of NAFLD 13,34 . As neither BMI nor WC could replace visceral fat adiposity as the most vital predictor of NAFLD 34 , we concomitantly used these two predictors for final adjustment and still found that they were highly independent predictors of NAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WC is another anthropometric index that is a strong predictor of the presence of NAFLD 13,34 . As neither BMI nor WC could replace visceral fat adiposity as the most vital predictor of NAFLD 34 , we concomitantly used these two predictors for final adjustment and still found that they were highly independent predictors of NAFLD. Otherwise, obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction or insulin resistance could contribute to a pro-inflammatory state with increased cytokines 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased risks of different grades of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in prediabetic subjects with impaired fasting glucose and glucose tolerance, including the isolated glycosylated hemoglobin levels of 5.7–6.4% in a Chinese population

Chou

Shen

et al. 2020

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/Introduction Contrary to the results of the majority of studies on diabetes, there are some conflicting results regarding the relationship between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and prediabetes. No study has investigated the relationship between isolated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the range of 5.7–6.4% (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) and NAFLD. Our aim was to investigate the effect of different glycemic statuses on NAFLD concomitantly categorized by fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h plasma glucose and HbA1c levels. Materials and Methods NAFLD was classified into three groups by ultrasonographic examination results: normal, mild and moderate‐to‐severe. Glycemic status was divided into five groups: normoglycemia, isolated HbA1c 5.7–6.4%, impaired fasting glucose without impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IGT and newly diagnosed diabetes. For multivariable logistic regression analyses, the outcome variable was the classified three grades of fatty changes in the liver after adjusting for other potential risk covariables. Results In this cross‐sectional research, a total of 8,571 eligible individuals were enrolled and divided into three groups: 5,499 without fatty liver, 2,113 with mild NAFLD and 959 with moderate‐to‐severe NAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that IGT, impaired fasting glucose without IGT and isolated HbA1c 5.7–6.4% were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD in addition to newly diagnosed diabetes. Other positively predictive variables were male sex, obesity, overweight, central obesity, increased triglyceride and C‐reactive protein >1 mg/L. Negatively associated factors were elevated high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Conclusions Besides diabetes, the increased risks of different grades of NAFLD were found for prediabetic individuals categorized by impaired fasting glucose without IGT, IGT and isolated HbA1c 5.7–6.4%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risks of different grades of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in prediabetic subjects with impaired fasting glucose and glucose tolerance, including the isolated glycosylated hemoglobin levels of 5.7–6.4% in a Chinese population

Chou

Shen

et al. 2020

J of Diabetes Invest

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“…We confirmed that BMI z ‐score and WHtR are more objective parameters than BMI and WC for diagnosing early liver steatosis and fibrosis in children. The WHtR is a non‐invasive, low‐cost, simple indicator, which can be easily interpreted and reproduced 22 . The CAP values also demonstrate a fair correlation with WHtR, even in the normal range of these parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease predicted by anthropometric values through transient elastography

Song

Wong

et al. 2021

Pediatrics International

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Background Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of pediatric chronic liver disease, which is strongly associated with obesity. Transient elastography, together with anthropometric values including waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI) z‐scores are a more precise diagnostic method of NAFLD than ultrasonography. Through transient elastography, we investigate the principal anthropometric values associated with pediatric NAFLD. Methods Healthy children between the ages of 6–18 years whose BMIs were ≥85% of normal were recruited as the overweight‐and‐obese group, and children whose BMIs ranged between 5%–85% were recruited as the control group. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was evaluated via transient elastography. BMI z‐score and WHtR were measured. Results A total of 107 (58 overweight‐and‐obese, 49 control) children were recruited. As evaluated by transient elastography, children in the overweight‐and‐obese group had significantly higher controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement values than the control group. To detect fatty liver, WHtR with a cut‐off point of 0.481 and BMI z‐score with cut‐off point of 1.075 had the best sensitivity and specificity. To identify liver stiffness or inflammation, WHtR with cut‐off point of 0.514 and BMI z‐score with cut‐off point of 1.62 had the best sensitivity and specificity. Controlled attenuation parameter demonstrated a fair correlation with WHtR and BMI z‐scores, even in the normal range of these parameters. Conclusions Transient elastography together with anthropometric measurements demonstrate that pediatric NAFLD may develop earlier than expected. We present principal anthropometric values associated with pediatric NAFLD.

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“…This is plausible as pancreatic volume and fatty liver assessment is usually done by ultrasonography or MRI that require precise imaging protocols and in such cases anthropometric indices may not be robust enough to quantify it. 25 We acknowledge the limitations of the study observations as MRI could not be performed on a large sample size of cases and controls due to reasons of economic feasibility. However, the study observations are worthy to be validated in other populations with larger sample sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Body shape index significantly predicts MRI-defined abdominal adipose tissue depots in non-obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Anoop

Krakauer²,

Krakauer

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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IntroductionWe aimed to determine the correlations of volumes of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) (anterior, posterior, superficial and deep), total SCAT, intraperitoneal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal abdominal adipose tissue (RPAT), total intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), pancreatic volume, liver span, total body fat (TBF) and truncal fat mass (TFM) with anthropometric indices, viz., A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Hip Index, their Z scores and Anthropometric Risk Index in non-obese (body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Research design and methodsNon-obese patients with T2DM (cases; n, 85) and BMI-matched, healthy subjects (controls; n, 38) underwent anthropometry, dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) for estimation of TBF, TFM and 1.5 T MRI for estimation of volumes of abdominal adipose tissue depots, pancreas and liver span. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis were applied.ResultsThe Z score of ABSI (Z_ABSI) showed significantly positive correlation with volumes of all depots of abdominal SCAT, total IAAT and RPAT in cases. Area under the curve for Z_ABSI (0.87) showed higher sensitivity: 82.0 %, specificity: 81.5 %, at a predictive cut-off value of 0.49 for abdominal adiposity.ConclusionIn non-obese Asian Indians with T2DM, the Z_ABSI showed significant correlation with IAAT and SCAT and higher predictive accuracy for abdominal adiposity.Highlights of the studyThis is the first MRI-based study in the context of ABSI in non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with T2DM. Findings indicate that Z_ABSI has high predictive accuracy for abdominal adiposity in non-obese Asian Indians. The Z_ABSI index showed significantly positive correlation with volumes of adipose tissue depots, viz., abdominal SCAT, total IAAT and RPAT in cases.

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Anthropometric indicators of visceral adiposity as predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Increased risks of different grades of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in prediabetic subjects with impaired fasting glucose and glucose tolerance, including the isolated glycosylated hemoglobin levels of 5.7–6.4% in a Chinese population

Increased risks of different grades of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in prediabetic subjects with impaired fasting glucose and glucose tolerance, including the isolated glycosylated hemoglobin levels of 5.7–6.4% in a Chinese population

Pediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease predicted by anthropometric values through transient elastography

A Body shape index significantly predicts MRI-defined abdominal adipose tissue depots in non-obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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