Anthropometric indices in older adults with and without Locomotive Syndrome

Abstract

Background Locomotive syndrome is a major challenge for older adults, and anthropometric indices can greatly affect the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to compare the anthropometric indices between older adults with and without locomotive syndrome. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 211 older adults using random cluster sampling from a population of over-60 individuals covered by comprehensive health service centers in Sari in Autumn, 2021. Participants were divided into two groups: with and without locomotive syndrome. Locomotive syndrome was assessed via the 25-item Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale questionnaire, and the level of anthropometric indices was determined through the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis device. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square, and Binary logistic regression in SPSS, Version 23 ( P < 0.05). Results The average age of older adult participants was 78.4 ± 6.6 years. In older adults with locomotive syndrome, the average percentage of fat-free mass ( P < 0.001) was significantly lower while the average percentage of fat mass and fat mass index ( P < 0.001) was significantly higher. Older adults with locomotive syndrome were shorter in height ( P < 0.001) and had a higher body mass index ( P < 0.05). Fat-free mass percentage (OR = 0.59) and body mass index (OR = 1.4) predicted the incidence of locomotive syndrome in the subjects. Significant differences such as chronic diseases, chronic pain, falls, age, and gender were observed between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Anthropometric indices can play an important role in the occurrence of locomotive syndrome in older adults. Evaluation of anthropometric indices and management of body composition can help prevent locomotive syndrome and improve the quality of life of older adults.