Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children

Andaki, Alynne Christian Ribeiro; Tinôco, Adelson Luiz Araújo; Mendes, Edmar Lacerda; Júnior, R.A.A. Torres; Hills, Andrew P.; Amorim, Paulo Roberto dos Santos

doi:10.1017/s136898001300253x

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…They may also herald the presence of cardiovascular risk factors already in childhood as demonstrated in previous studies. [1][2][3] Thus, a more sophisticated approach to assess body composition early in childhood may improve the prediction of cardiometabolic risk. 4 Efforts to obtain detailed information on body composition in children have been impeded by two factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percentile reference values for anthropometric body composition indices in European children from the IDEFICS study

et al. 2014

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1,11 on behalf of the IDEFICS consortium INTRODUCTION:To characterise the nutritional status in children with obesity or wasting conditions, European anthropometric reference values for body composition measures beyond the body mass index (BMI) are needed. Differentiated assessment of body composition in children has long been hampered by the lack of appropriate references. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to provide percentiles for body composition indices in normal weight European children, based on the IDEFICS cohort (Identification and prevention of Dietary-and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS). METHODS: Overall 18 745 2.0-10.9-year-old children from eight countries participated in the study. Children classified as overweight/obese or underweight according to IOTF (N = 5915) were excluded from the analysis. Anthropometric measurements (BMI (N = 12 830); triceps, subscapular, fat mass and fat mass index (N = 11 845-11 901); biceps, suprailiac skinfolds, sum of skinfolds calculated from skinfold thicknesses (N = 8129-8205), neck circumference (N = 12 241); waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (N = 12 381)) were analysed stratified by sex and smoothed 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th and 99th percentile curves were calculated using GAMLSS. RESULTS: Percentile values of the most important anthropometric measures related to the degree of adiposity are depicted for European girls and boys. Age-and sex-specific differences were investigated for all measures. As an example, the 50th and 99th percentile values of waist circumference ranged from 50.7-59.2 cm and from 51.3-58.7 cm in 4.5-to < 5.0-year-old girls and boys, respectively, to 60.6-74.5 cm in girls and to 59.9-76.7 cm in boys at the age of 10.5-10.9 years. CONCLUSION: The presented percentile curves may aid a differentiated assessment of total and abdominal adiposity in European children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percentile reference values for anthropometric body composition indices in European children from the IDEFICS study

et al. 2014

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“…In agreement, Taylor et al, in their study with 187 Brazilian schoolchildren, also concluded that C‐Index is a less accurate discriminator for abdominal obesity than WC. Since C‐Index was created for use in adult subjects, according to Andaki et al, their ability in young subjects to assess abdominal obesity as an essential component of MetS could be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waist circumference and abdominal volume index are the strongest anthropometric discriminators of metabolic syndrome in Spanish adolescents

Perona

Ramírez‐Vélez

Correa‐Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background Waist circumference has been suggested as predictor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents but it has not been compared with newly proposed anthropometric indexes. This study aimed to disclose the capacity of ten classic and novel anthropometric indexes to discriminate by the presence of MetS in this young population. Materials and methods A cross‐sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from eighteen schools in south‐east Spain. Body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), body adiposity index for paediatrics (BAIp), conicity index (C‐Index), waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and body shape index (ABSI) were measured and calculated. Receiver‐operator curves (ROC) were created to determine the discriminatory capacity of these anthropometric parameters for MetS. Results The prevalence of MetS was 7.0% for boys and 6.1% in girls. Participants with MetS had significantly higher levels of blood pressure and plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin. All anthropometric indexes were elevated in MetS individuals compared to the non‐MetS group. AVI and WC showed the highest AUC values (0.83 for boys and 0.86 for girls). In contrast, according to ROC analyses, no anthropometric index was capable of discriminating the components of MetS (hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycaemia and low‐HDL levels), except for abdominal obesity. Conclusion We suggest the use of WC and AVI, with the cut‐off points presented herein, for the discrimination between adolescents with or without MetS.

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“…Previous studies have also shown that high total and central subcutaneous fat mass measures, estimated from skinfold thicknesses, are associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile, namely high blood pressure, an unfavorable blood lipids profile and high insulin levels, in late childhood (8)(9)(10)12,34). Another study has shown that an increase in total subcutaneous fat mass from 8 to 18 years old was associated with an increase in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides levels and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels (11).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported in a cross‐sectional study among 6‐year‐old children that both general and abdominal fat mass measures are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, independently of body mass index . Also, previous studies have shown that high total subcutaneous fat mass measured by the sum of skinfold thicknesses is associated with high blood pressure, an unfavorable blood lipids profile, and high glucose and insulin levels in childhood . Currently, it is not known whether, next to rapid weight gain, total and regional subcutaneous fat mass development in infancy is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in later life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and cardiovascular risk factors at school‐age: The generation R study

Santos

Gaillard

Oliveira

et al. 2016

Obesity

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Objective: To examine the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with cardiovascular risk factors at school-age. Methods: In a population-based prospective cohort study among 808 children, total subcutaneous fat (sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfold thicknesses) and central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses/total subcutaneous fat) at 1.5 and 24 months were estimated. At 6 years, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels were measured. Results: Infant subcutaneous fat measures were not associated with childhood blood pressure, triglycerides, or insulin levels. A 1-standard-deviation score (SDS) higher total subcutaneous fat at 1.5 months was, independently of body mass index, associated with lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels at 6 years. In contrast, a 1-SDS higher total subcutaneous fat at 24 months was associated with higher total-cholesterol [difference 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.23) SDS] and LDLcholesterol levels [difference 0.12 (95% CI 0.02, 0.21) SDS] at 6 years. There were no associations of central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio with childhood cholesterol levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that infant total subcutaneous fat is weakly associated with cholesterol levels at school-age. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term cardiometabolic consequences of infant body fat.

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Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Percentile reference values for anthropometric body composition indices in European children from the IDEFICS study

Percentile reference values for anthropometric body composition indices in European children from the IDEFICS study

Waist circumference and abdominal volume index are the strongest anthropometric discriminators of metabolic syndrome in Spanish adolescents

Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and cardiovascular risk factors at school‐age: The generation R study

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