Anti-aging and Sunscreens: Paradigm Shift in Cosmetics

Abstract

Skin, being one of the vital organs and a protective barrier needs to be pampered and taken care of from early childhood. It is the most visible and the widest exposed organ and by far reflects the general health condition and the aging process in humans. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to this complex biological process of skin aging. In recent times, skin health and its beauty is perceived as an indicator of one’s health which has resulted in an increasing demand for anti-aging products. Exposure to UV radiation is considered to be one of the factors responsible for aging termed as photoaging. In this review, we have discussed the various factors which may accelerate the process of skin aging. Various approaches and strategies to delay the process of skin aging have been emphasized upon. The patents filed in the area of anti-aging and sunscreen products have also been reviewed to gain an insight into the new formulations which have been developed as an anti-aging product. There has been a tremendous rise in the cosmetic and cosmeceuticals market with products having a dual activity of anti-aging and sun protection. Research is constantly on the rise to ensure the safety of these products. Alternatives to the current topical application of sunscreen are being considered to overcome the drawback of reapplication of the sunscreen often which can be a boon to the cosmeceutical market.

Sunscreens as a prevention of the photoaging

“…It lead to progressive changes in each skin layer, also changes in skin appearance, above all on the sun-exposed skin areas. [1] Lifestyle is important in many aspects of health, including aging. Smoking, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, toxins, pollution, stress contributes to aging.…”

“…Whereas nicotine, carbon monoxide and other toxic substances in cigarette smoke result in vasoconstrictive and hypoxic effects on the skin. [1] The main signs of aging are wrinkles and sagging of the skin. Fundamental mechanisms of their formation are still poorly understood.…”

“…It has been suggested that UV radiations contribute about 80% of facial ageing and skin cancer. [1,9] Frequent sunlight exposure causes keratinocytes to secrete IL-1α and GM-CSF which penetrates into the dermis to stimulate the expression of skin fibroblast elastase, cleaves the elastase fibers leading to a loss in its configuration.This results in reduced skin elasticity and leading to wrinkle formation. [9] Oxidative stress has been linked to age-related loss of skin elasticity.…”

“…Sunscreens are highly recommended to protect the skin. [1] The sunscreen are divided into two types: inorganic (physical) blockers and organic (chemical) absorbers. Organic filters consist substances that can absorb UV radiation.…”

“…Skin aging is associated with the reduced thickness of the skin, limited collagen synthesis and weakening of the repairing processes. [1]. In this review we would like to discuss on the skin aging mechanisms and prevention of the photoaging.…”