“…This could be due to the potential changes in the physical state of the aquatic ecosystem caused by the introduction of heavy metal contaminants. However, there is a general decrease in species diversity and distribution of aquatic plant organisms when they face the disruption in ecosystem balance and biological processes (Karlsson et al, 2010) (Das et al, 2019). This strong evidence have provided different perspectives in constructing a comprehensive understanding of the environmental hazard posed by heavy metal water contamination (Street, 2012) (Martínez-Cortijo and Ruiz-Canales, 2018).…”