Anti-biofilm Action of Chenopodium ambrosioides Extract, Cytotoxic Potential and Effects on Acrylic Denture Surface

Abstract

Considering the challenge to control Candida -associated denture stomatitis, the search for antifungal substances derived from natural sources has become a trend in the literature. In this study the following effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides extract (CAE) were investigated: action against biofilms of Candida albicans , its cytotoxic potential, and changes caused in acrylic resin. The CAE was characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The susceptibility of C. albicans to CAE was investigated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MIC and MFC) tests. Acrylic resin disks were fabricated, and C. albicans biofilms were developed on these for 48 h. Afterward the disks were immersed for 10 min in: PBS (Negative Control); 1% Sodium Hypochlorite (1% SH, Positive Control) or CAE at MIC or 5xMIC. The biofilms were investigated relative to counts and metabolic activity. The cytotoxic potential in keratinocytes and fibroblasts was verified by MTT test. Change in color and roughness of the acrylic resin was analyzed after 28 days of immersion in CAE. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA considering a 5% level of significance. The main compounds detected by HPLC were kaempferol and quercetin. Both MIC and MFC obtained the value of 0.25 mg/mL. The MIC was sufficient to significantly reduce the counts and activity of the biofilm cells ( p < 0.0001), while 5xMIC resulted in almost complete eradication, similar to 1% SH. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to the MIC and 5xMIC presented cell viability similar to that of the Control Group ( p > 0.05). No important changes in acrylic resin color and roughness were detected, even after 28 days. It could be concluded that the immersion of acrylic resin in C. ambrosioides extract in its minimum inhibitory concentration was effective for the reduction of C. albicans biofilms without any evidence of cytotoxic effects or changes in roughness and color of this substrate.

Non-Thermal O2 Plasma Efficacy on C. albicans and Its Effect on Denture Base Resin Color

“…Concerning the resin color stability, chemical cleansers used to decontaminate dentures lead to adverse effects when repeated or prolonged treatments are applied [18,19,21,24,25,27,29,31,32]. The most frequent resin color changes are bleaching using sodium hypochlorite [16,19,21,27,29] and alkaline peroxides [19,24,25,27,30,31]. In the same way, one in vitro study highlighted resin staining after prolonged treatment using lemongrass extract [18].…”

“…These disinfectant solutions include a wide variety of chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxides, chlorhexidine, plant extracts, etc. [18][19][20][21][22] However, prolonged use of these molecules is necessary to avoid any recurrence of DS [6,12]. However, numerous studies reveal that these disinfection methods can alter the properties of dentures base resins such as flexural strength [19,23,24], hardness [20,25,26], surface roughness [25][26][27][28][29][30] and especially the color stability [18,19,21,24,25,27,29,31,32].…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22] However, prolonged use of these molecules is necessary to avoid any recurrence of DS [6,12]. However, numerous studies reveal that these disinfection methods can alter the properties of dentures base resins such as flexural strength [19,23,24], hardness [20,25,26], surface roughness [25][26][27][28][29][30] and especially the color stability [18,19,21,24,25,27,29,31,32]. Indeed, the main color change results in resin bleaching [16,19,21,24,25,27,[29][30][31].…”

“…However, numerous studies reveal that these disinfection methods can alter the properties of dentures base resins such as flexural strength [19,23,24], hardness [20,25,26], surface roughness [25][26][27][28][29][30] and especially the color stability [18,19,21,24,25,27,29,31,32]. Indeed, the main color change results in resin bleaching [16,19,21,24,25,27,[29][30][31]. Those adverse effects can have consequences on denture wearers' aesthetics and comfort, and therefore on their social life.…”

Caracterização farmacognóstica, fitoquímica e avaliação in silico da atividade de monoterpenos isolados da espécie Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

“…Em relação às atividades antibacteriana, antifúngica e antiviral, as moléculas não foram ativas. Estudos anteriores, mostra que o extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de D. ambrosioides apontou atividade inibitória contra Candida albicans (CIM de 0,25 mg / mL), promovendo efeito anti-biofilme, os autores relacionam essa atividade aos metabólitos quercetina e kaempferol, devido estarem presentes em grande quantidade na composição química extrato testado (Zago, et al, 2019).…”