Anti-biofilm activities of essential oils rich in carvacrol and thymol against<i>Salmonella</i>Enteritidis

Čabarkapa, Ivana; Čolović, Radmilo; Ðuragić, O.; Popović, Sanja; Kokić, Bojana; Dubravka, Milanov; Pezo, Lato

doi:10.1080/08927014.2019.1610169

Cited by 99 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The essential oils of C. zeylanicum and E. globulus had profound activity against Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella enteritidis as revealed by both well diffusion assay and broth microdilution assay. Antibacterial activities of essential oils of all these plants against different bacteria including different Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium or other serovars have been reported previously as well (Patel et al, 2018;Cabarkapa et al, 2019;Ebani et al, 2019). Previous studies also reported inhibitory effect of cinnamon against food borne Salmonella (Alsaiqali et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils of Selected Plants against Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum of Poultry Origin

Yasmin¹

2020

PVJ

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Antibiotic resistant Salmonella is a major threat to poultry industry and public health. Medicinal plants are an effective alternative of antibiotics for the control and treatment of multiple drug resistant Salmonella. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro activity of essential oils of some medicinal plants against multiple drug resistant Salmonella of poultry origin and to determine their active ingredients. Essential oils of Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eucalyptus globulus, Allium sativum and Nigella sativa were prepared by steam distillation and their active ingredients were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Activity of oils against Salmonella enteritidis (n=05) and Salmonella gallinarum (n=05) was determined by well diffusion assay. Broth microdilution assay was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of oils. Well diffusion assay revealed that C. zeylanicum and E. globulus had better activity against salmonellae (26±7.6 mm and 16±6.8 mm, respectively) as compared to C. cyminum, A. sativum and N. sativa (8±5.9, 10±6.1, 8±4.7 mm, respectively). Minimum inhibitory concentrations of C. zeylanicum and E. globulus against Salmonella were 64.1±32.1 and 68.9±32.9 µg/mL, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed presence of diverse phytochemicals in all essential oils. Major antimicrobial phyto-constituents of essential oils of E. globulus and C. zeylanicum were eucalyptol (82.85%) and 1R-α-Pinene (13.781%), and cinnamaldehyde (64.14%) and eugenol (8.9%), respectively. It is concluded that essential oils of C. zeylanicum and E. globulus have excellent in vitro anti-Salmonella activity. It is insinuated that these extracts may be commercialized as an alternative of antibiotics for the control of Salmonellae in poultry after detailed in vivo evaluations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils of Selected Plants against Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum of Poultry Origin

Yasmin¹

2020

PVJ

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“…On completion of the incubation, wells without the color change (blue color of resazurin remained unchanged) were scored as above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. MIC was defined as the lowest concentration at which the color change occurred [77,78].…”

Section: Eos' Effectiveness Determination Against Mastitis-associated Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Agents against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

et al. 2021

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Bovine mastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease worldwide. The present study aimed to determine bioactive compounds in two essential oils (EOs) from wild (Thymus serpyllum) and common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and to assess the antioxidant potential as well as antibacterial efficacy of the EOs against mastitis-associated bacteria. The study also included antibiotic susceptibility tests. The strains were previously isolated from lactating animals with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The antioxidant potential of the commercial EOs of wild and common thyme was evaluated by five in vitro assays. The antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution technique, while antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The dominant compound in wild thyme was thymol (45.22%), followed by p-cymene (23.83%) and γ-terpinene (3.12%), while in common thyme, it was thymol (54.17%), followed by γ-terpinene (22.18%) and p-cymene (16.66%). Among the fourteen mastitis-associated bacteria, strain IX Streptococcus spp. (β-hemolytic) was the most sensitive to the tested EOs (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.78/1.56 and 0.39/0.78 mg/mL for T. serpyllum (TS) and T. vulgaris (TV), respectively). Regarding Streptococcus spp. β heamoliticus, MICs for TS ranged from 0.78 to 1.56 mg/mL, while for the same oil, MBCs ranged from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. In the case of T. vulgaris, MICs ranged from 0.39 to 3.125 mg/ mL, while MBCs ranged from 3.125 to 6.25 mg/mL. TV is more active against E. coli, E. sakazakii, and Streptococcus spp., while it is less effective against Staphylococcus spp. than TS. The study revealed that the tested EOs possess remarkable antioxidative and antibacterial activities and could be used in the development of pharmaceutical formulation as an alternative to conventional mastitis therapy.

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated the antibiofilm effect of TC, EG and CR in various bacteria such as Salmonella Typhimurium (Trevisan et al, 2018), S . Enteritidis (Čabarkapa et al, 2019), Listeria monocytogenes (Upadhyay et al, 2013) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Letsididi et al, 2018; Lou et al, 2019). However, their antibiofilm effect in C. jejuni has not been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol and Carvacrol Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms and Modulate Expression of Select Genes and Proteins

et al. 2019

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Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human foodborne illness globally, and is strongly linked with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Several studies have shown that C. jejuni can form sanitizer tolerant biofilm leading to product contamination, however, limited research has been conducted to develop effective control strategies against C. jejuni biofilms. This study investigated the efficacy of three generally recognized as safe status phytochemicals namely, trans -cinnamaldehyde (TC), eugenol (EG), or carvacrol (CR) in inhibiting C. jejuni biofilm formation and inactivating mature biofilm on common food contact surfaces at 20 and 37°C. In addition, the effect of phytochemicals on biofilm architecture and expression of genes and proteins essential for biofilm formation was evaluated. For the inhibition study, C. jejuni was allowed to form biofilms either in the presence or absence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC (0.75 mM), EG (0.61 mM), or CR (0.13 mM) for 48 h and the biofilm formation was quantified at 24-h interval. For the inactivation study, C. jejuni biofilms developed at 20 or 37°C for 48 h were exposed to the phytochemicals for 1, 5, or 10 min and surviving C. jejuni in the biofilm were enumerated. All phytochemicals reduced C. jejuni biofilm formation as well as inactivated mature biofilm on polystyrene and steel surface at both temperatures ( P < 0.05). The highest dose of TC (75.64 mM), EG (60.9 mM) and CR (66.56 mM) inactivated (>7 log reduction) biofilm developed on steel (20°C) within 5 min. The genes encoding for motility systems ( flaA , flaB , and flgA ) were downregulated by all phytochemicals ( P < 0.05). The expression of stress response ( cosR , ahpC ) and cell surface modifying genes ( waaF ) was reduced by EG. LC-MS/MS based proteomic analysis revealed that TC, EG, and CR significantly downregulated the expression of NapA protein required for oxidative stress response. The expression of chaperone protein DnaK and bacterioferritin required for biofilm formation was reduced by TC and CR. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disruption of biofilm architecture and loss of extracellular polymeric substances after treatment. Results suggest that TC, EG, and CR could be used as a natural disinfectant for controlling C. jejuni biofilms in processing areas.

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Anti-biofilm activities of essential oils rich in carvacrol and thymol againstSalmonellaEnteritidis

Cited by 99 publications

References 57 publications

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils of Selected Plants against Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum of Poultry Origin

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils of Selected Plants against Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum of Poultry Origin

Natural Agents against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol and Carvacrol Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms and Modulate Expression of Select Genes and Proteins

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