Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumor, the incidence of which has increased worldwide in recent years. Ginsenosides are the main active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that ginsenosides have significant anti-cancer activity, including BC. It is reported that ginsenosides can induce BC cells apoptosis, inhibit BC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as autophagy and angiogenesis, thereby suppress the procession of BC. In this review, the therapeutic effects and the molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on BC will be summarized. And the combination strategy of ginsenosides with other drugs on BC will also be discussed. In addition, epigenetic changes, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by ginsenosides in the treatment of BC are clarified.

Sustainable production of natural products using synthetic biology: Ginsenosides

“…For example, in ginseng, various secondary metabolites called ginsenosides exist, which are a class of triterpene saponins that have a 4-ring, steroid-like dammarane structure, and can affect the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and immune system of animals. Ginsenosides have antioxidant, anticancer, antiaging, and neuroprotective properties [ 4 ].…”

“…Over the past few years, approximately 200 ginsenosides have been isolated and identified from various parts of the Panax species, including leaves, flower buds, roots, and fruits [ 5 , 6 ]. Ginsenosides, the major bioactive constituents of ginseng, possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, radioprotective, anti-amnestic, and anti-aging effects [ 4 , 5 , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ]. These diverse pharmacological activities are attributed to the physical structures and chemical properties of ginsenosides.…”

Microorganisms for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

“…Among a lot of natural bioactive compounds, ginsenosides from Panax species have been reported to have a wide variety of pharmacological and biological activities, including anticancer activity. Approximately 200 ginsenosides have been identified from the leaves, roots, flower buds, roots, and berries of Panax species in recent years [ 4 ]. Although ginsenoside has multifunctional properties, it has been considerably attended to the regulation of cancer cell metabolism in vitro and in vivo [ 5 ].…”

Bifunctional chimera for ligand-directed photo-degradation of oncogenic microRNA

“…1 Suppression of oncogenic miRNAs thus represents a promising anti-cancer strategy. 2,3 In addition to antisense oligonucleotides capable of blocking miRNA function through Watson-Crick base pairing-based hybridization, 4 small molecules that directly bind to the secondary structures of miRNAs are emerging as a novel type of miRNA inhibitor. 5 For example, xanthone derivatives, 6 aminoglycosides, 7,8 and ether-amide derivatives 9 have been reported to selectively bind and inhibit target miRNAs in living cells.…”