Anti‐cancer potentials of Gynura procumbens leaves extract against two canine mammary cancer cell lines

Abstract

Background The anti‐cancer effects of Gynura procumbens leaves extract (GPE) have been reported in various human cancers. However, the anti‐cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of this extract on canine mammary cancer (CMC) have not yet been elucidated. Objectives The main goal of this study was to investigate the anti‐cancer properties of GPE against two CMC cell lines (CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b). Methods The GP leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol. Anti‐cancer potentials of GPE on CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b cancer cell lines using dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, transwell migration, and caspase 3/7 activity assays were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of two oncogenes: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST) and one tumour suppressor gene: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in these cell lines were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). In addition, The EGFR and PTEN protein levels as well as protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation levels expression were also evaluated by western blot analysis. Results The results showed that GPE caused a significant concentration‐ and time‐dependent reduction in cell proliferation of both CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b cells, detected by MTT assays. This extract also significantly suppressed cancer cell migration in both cell lines, tested by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Additionally, the increase in caspase 3/7 activity observed in both CMC cell treated with GPE suggests that GPE induced caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis. Moreover, GPE significantly decreased EGFR mRNA and protein expression levels compared to control in both cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion These findings emphasized that GPE has an in vitro anti‐cancer activity against CMC by inhibiting EGFR signalling pathway. Thus, GPE may serve as an alternative therapy in CMC with high EGFR expression.

An in vivo and in silico evaluation of the hepatoprotective potential of Gynura procumbens: A promising agent for combating hepatotoxicity

“…These findings were similar to those of previous studies despite the difference that they performed their experiment employing an aqueous extract of G. procumbens [85]. The lowering of γ-GT levels was also found in the Mentha piperita and Garcinia kola plant extracts [30,34].…”

“…This herb is taken as a vegetable item in meals and used as a medicinal plant in these regions. The principal pharmacological activities of G. procumbens are diabetes, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), hyperlipidemia, bacterial infection, inflammation, cancer, analgesic, kidney disease, rheumatism, and hypertension [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In addition, different bioactive molecules such as polysaccharides, saponins, sterols, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides are functional chemical components to successfully treat these sorts of diseases [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

A New Benzo[6,7]oxepino[3,2-b] Pyridine Derivative Induces Apoptosis in Canine Mammary Cancer Cell Lines

“…The qRT-PCR was performed using a reaction mixture containing 2 µL of the cDNA template, 10 µL of the iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), and 1 µL of each primer. The qRT-PCR protocol for the SNAIL, SLUG, TWIST, EGFR, TP53, BAX, BCL-2, and GAPDH genes was carried out as follows: initial denaturation at 94 • C for 3 min, denaturation at 94 • C for 15 s, annealing at 60 • C for 30 s, and extension at 72 • C for 1 min (40 cycles), and dissociation curves were generated between 65 • C and 95 • C to assess the specificity of the amplicons [42][43][44]. The qRT-PCR protocol for E-cadherin and N-cadherin was carried out according to Yu et al [45].…”

Uji Karakteristik Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sambung Nyawa (Gynura Procumbens (Lour.) Merr.)

“…Pada penelitian (Widyawati, 2007) menemukan bahwa Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr, bermanfaat sebagai antikanker (Jermnak et al, 2022); terapi untuk diabetes (Sutthammikorn et al, 2021); antiinfeksi (Ahmad Nazri et al, 2021); antioksidan (Sabarany lado et al, 2021); antihipertensi (Shahlehi & Petalcorin, 2021); diabetes (Guo et al, 2021); antiinflamasi (Novia et al, 2022); cedera hati (Lee & Hyun, 2022); antibakteri (Ashraf et al, 2020). Selain itu, penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa ramuan ini digunakan sebagai pereda nyeri, pengobatan luka bakar dan spesialis mitigasi.…”