Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies and Overall Survival in a Large Cohort: Preliminary Report

Abstract

Background: Anti-cardiolipin antibodies have been associated with both arterial and venous thrombosis, but their overall impact on all-cause or vascular mortality is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the influence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies on all-cause and vascular mortality.

Deep Venous Thrombosis After Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is Standard Dose Low Molecular Weight Heparin Prophylaxis Enough?

“…Moreover, the aCL IgM levels are clearly pathological when above 15 kU/l, and the threshold in diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome is 40 kU/l [24]. Thus a practical limit of our findings is the low threshold value that indicated an increased risk of postoperative DVT in IBD patients.…”

“…Anticardiolipin antibodies are a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies directed against protein-phospholipid complexes, and the presence of these antibodies is one of two laboratory diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndromes characterized by venous and arterial thrombosis, recurrent abortion, and thrombocytopenia [24]. In patients with cardiovascular disease a significant association between endothelial dysfunction and elevated levels of aCL was observed [25].…”

“…In fact, other known causes of thrombosis have been associated with IBD activity: low vitamin B6 plasma levels, an independent risk factor for thrombosis, are especially frequent in patients with active IBD [9]. Moreover, the aCL IgM levels are clearly pathological when above 15 kU/l, and the threshold in diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome is 40 kU/l [24]. Thus a practical limit of our findings is the low threshold value that indicated an increased risk of postoperative DVT in IBD patients.…”

Anti-Apolipoprotein A-1 IgG Predict All-Cause Mortality and Are Associated with Fc Receptor-Like 3 Polymorphisms

“…Based upon previous studies, such events could be related to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state through sustained activation of the TLR2/TLR4/CD14 complex and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (14, 18, 21, 24, 38), associations with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and uric acid levels (23, 25), impairment of HDL function (10–13, 16, 17), interference with basal heart rate regulation (22, 24, 25) or B-cell epitope spreading (39). Other pathophysiological mechanisms, other than those currently ascribed to anti-apoA-1 IgG could also be involved, in the same way that multiple molecular pathways underlie the associations of other autoantibodies with all-cause mortality in the community (7, 9, 40, 41). These challenging points will have to be investigated in future clinical and translational research efforts.…”

Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Pregnancy

“…A retrospective comparison of the overall risk of recurrence of VTE revealed risk of 11% per 100 patient-years during pregnancy and 3.7% in the non-pregnant state (the risk ratio for VTE during pregnancy was 3.5 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-7.8) (25) . Although a clear association between APAs and vascular events has been described, the data from a cohort study did not support that aCL antibodies affect vascular mortality (26) .…”