Anti-cariogenic Properties of Lactobacillus plantarum in the Utilization of Galacto-Oligosaccharide

Huang, Xinyan; Bao, Jianhang; Zeng, Yan; Meng, Gina; Lu, Xingyi; Wu, Tong Tong; Ren, Yan-Fang; Xiao, Jin

doi:10.3390/nu15092017

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…NETs were pre-incubated at 37°C, and diluted with sterile PBS. Gradient-diluted NETs were dispensed into 96-well plates, and C. albicans (1×10³ CFUs ( 54 , 55 )) or S. aureus (1×10 6 CFUs ( 56 )) were added, separately or combined. After incubation at 37°C for 2, 4, and 8 h, samples were collected, diluted, plated, and CFU counts were performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus wraps around Candida albicans and synergistically escapes from Neutrophil extracellular traps

Jing,

Liu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundNETs, a unique neutrophil immune mechanism, are vital in defending against microbial invasions. Understanding the mechanisms of co-infection by Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, which often leads to higher mortality and poorer prognosis, is crucial for studying infection progression.MethodsIn our study, we established a mouse model of subcutaneous infection to characterize the inflammation induced by co-infection. By purifying and extracting NETs to interact with microorganisms, we delve into the differences in their interactions with various microbial species. Additionally, we investigated the differences in NETs production by neutrophils in response to single or mixed microorganisms through the interaction between neutrophils and these microorganisms. Furthermore, we analyzed the gene expression differences during co-infection using transcriptomics.ResultsIn vivo, C. albicans infections tend to aggregate, while S. aureus infections are more diffuse. In cases of co-infection, S. aureus adheres to and wraps C. albicans. NETs exhibit strong killing capability against C. albicans but weaker efficacy against S. aureus. When NETs interact with mixed microorganisms, they preferentially target and kill the outer layer of S. aureus. In the early stages, neutrophils primarily rely on phagocytosis to kill S. aureus, but as the bacteria accumulate, they stimulate neutrophils to produce NETs. Interestingly, in the presence of neutrophils, S. aureus promotes the proliferation and hyphal growth of C. albicans.ConclusionOur research has showed substantial differences in the progression of co-infections compared to single-microbial infections, thereby providing scientific evidence for NETs as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of co-infections.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus wraps around Candida albicans and synergistically escapes from Neutrophil extracellular traps

Jing,

Liu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Based on the standard curves for these three strains, when morning starters reached the target OD, the represented concentration of C. albicans was 10 6 CFU/mL, S. mutans was 10 8 CFU/mL, and L. plantarum was 10 9 CFU/mL. The morning starters were then serial dilution into starting concentration for the planktonic models described below [ 28 , 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Inhibitory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on Streptococcus mutans-Candida albicans Cross-Kingdom Microorganisms

et al. 2023

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Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are two major pathogens associated with dental caries. Several recent studies revealed that Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits S. mutans and C. albicans in biofilms and in a rodent model of dental caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effect of L. plantarum against S. mutans and C. albicans in a planktonic model that simulated a high-caries-risk clinical condition. Mono-, dual-, and multi-species models were utilized, with five doses of L. plantarum (ranging from 1.0 × 104 to 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL). Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of the virulence genes of C. albicans and S. mutans and the genes of L. plantarum. Student’s t-tests and one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc tests, were employed to compare the cell viability and gene expression among groups. A dose-dependent inhibition on C. albicans and S. mutans was observed with increased dosages of L. plantarum. L. plantarum at 108 CFU/mL demonstrated the highest antibacterial and antifungal inhibitory effect in the dual- and multi-species models. Specifically, at 20 h, the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans was suppressed by 1.5 and 5 logs, respectively (p < 0.05). The antifungal and antibacterial effects were attenuated in lower doses of L. plantarum (104–107 CFU/mL). The expression of C. albicans HWP1 and ECE 1 genes and S. mutans lacC and lacG genes were significantly downregulated with an added 108 CFU/mL of L. plantarum (p < 0.05). The addition of 108 CFU/mL L. plantarum further inhibited the hyphae or pseudohyphae formation of C. albicans. In summary, L. plantarum demonstrated dose-dependent antifungal and antibacterial effects against C. albicans and S. mutans. L. plantarum emerged as a promising candidate for the creation of novel antimicrobial probiotic products targeting dental caries prevention. Further research is warranted to identify the functional metabolites produced by L. plantarum at different dosages when interacting with C. albicans and S. mutans.

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“…Sugar substitutes can indeed serve as an alternative to sucrose helping to reduce the risk of caries. In the recent study, Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), a low-calorie sweetener, has been found to suppress the hyphal formation of C. albicans and the acid resistance of the C. albicans-S. mutans interaction [ 81 ]. The finding suggests that sugar substitutes may have potential in inhibiting the growth and virulence of C. albicans and its cooperation with S. mutans, which could contribute to the prevention of caries.…”

Section: The Influence Of External Factors On Oral Microbiomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the complexity of early childhood caries: Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans cooperative strategies in carbohydrate metabolism and virulence

Jin,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Objective To explore the mechanisms underlying the virulence changes in early childhood caries (ECC) caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) , with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and environmental acidification. Methods A review of literature was conducted to understand the symbiotic relationship between C. albicans and S. mutans , and their role in the pathogenesis of ECC. The review also examined how their interactions influence carbohydrate metabolism and environmental acidification in the oral cavity. Results C. albicans and S. mutans play crucial roles in the onset and progression of ECC. C. albicans promotes the adhesion and accumulation of S. mutans , while S. mutans creates an environment favorable for the growth of C. albicans . Their interactions, especially through carbohydrate metabolism, strengthen their pathogenic potential. The review highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms for the development of effective management and treatment protocols for ECC. Conclusion The symbiotic relationship between C. albicans and S. mutans , and their interactions through carbohydrate metabolism and environmental acidification, are key factors in the pathogenesis of ECC. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and treat ECC.

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Anti-cariogenic Properties of Lactobacillus plantarum in the Utilization of Galacto-Oligosaccharide

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Staphylococcus aureus wraps around Candida albicans and synergistically escapes from Neutrophil extracellular traps

Staphylococcus aureus wraps around Candida albicans and synergistically escapes from Neutrophil extracellular traps

Dose-Dependent Inhibitory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on Streptococcus mutans-Candida albicans Cross-Kingdom Microorganisms

Unveiling the complexity of early childhood caries: Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans cooperative strategies in carbohydrate metabolism and virulence

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