Anti-cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of polysaccharides: A review of the mechanisms

Yuan, Qianghua; Yan, Yuan; Zheng, Yan; Sheng, Rong; Liu, Li; Xie, Fei; Tan, Jianxin

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111303

Cited by 80 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex temporal and spatial cascade of reactive pathophysiological processes that occur during the recovery of brain tissue from ischemia to perfusion (Ren and Tian, 2021), leading to a more severe pathological response than before perfusion. This disease is often associated with the increase of intracellular free radicals, overload of intracellular Ca2 + , neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, overactive inflammatory response and excessive apoptosis (Yuan et al, 2021). SPS were able to significantly improve the neurological deficits as well as reduce the volume ratio and water content of the infarcted area in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.…”

Section: Protective Effect Against Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, Structures, Bioactivities and Structure-Function Analysis of the Polysaccharides From Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Cai

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a herbal plant with a long history of clinical application worldwide, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea. It is also extensively used as an important oilseed plant for hundreds of years in some countries, like China, India, Mexico and the United States. Therefore, safflower is believed as a crop with dual values of medicine and economy as well. Safflower polysaccharides (SPS), from the plant, are believed as one of the most important biologically active components with multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury effects. The polysaccharides, from bee pollen of safflower, named PBPC, also attract the attention of researchers because of their particular origin and bioactivities. Although the extraction, purification, structure and biological activities of SPS and PBPC have been studied for decades, there is not any available review both concerning SPS and PBPC. In this condition, this paper aims to systematically review the research progress in extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and bioactivities of SPS and PBPC, and provide basis for the in-depth study about their structure-bioactivity relationship. It will serve as a methodological outline for further research in fields of new drug discovery and clinical application of SPS or PBPC, and simultaneously remind us of unresolved problems noted in the polysaccharide research.

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Section: Protective Effect Against Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, Structures, Bioactivities and Structure-Function Analysis of the Polysaccharides From Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Cai

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Polysaccharides are among the main bioactive substances of Chinese herbal medicine and have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumor effects ( Gan et al, 2020 ), antioxidant effects ( Wei et al, 2015 ), anticoagulant effects ( Zhao et al, 2012 ), effects in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury ( Yuan et al, 2021 ), liver protection effects ( Qu et al, 2020 ), antiviral effects ( Cao et al, 2020 ), effects in the control of blood lipids ( Zhang et al, 2014 ), effects in the control of blood pressure ( Xie et al, 2021 ) and immunoregulatory effects ( Wang et al, 2021 ). Scutellaria barbata D. Don is a plant of the family Lamiaceae ( Yeon et al, 2015 ), and is listed in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Hepatoma Activity of Acidic Polysaccharides From Scutellaria barbata D. Don

Qi-chao

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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The Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria barbata D. Don has antitumour effects and is used to treat liver cancer in the clinic. S. barbata polysaccharide (SBP), one of the main active components extracted from S. barbata D. Don, exhibits antitumour activity. However, there is still a lack of research on the extraction optimization, structural characterization, and anti-hepatoma activity of acidic polysaccharides from S. barbata D. Don. In this study, the optimal extraction conditions for SBP were determined by response surface methodology (RSM): the material-liquid ratio was 1:25, the extraction time was 2 h, and the extraction temperature was 90°C. Under these conditions, the average extraction efficiency was 3.85 ± 0.13%. Two water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from S. barbata D. Don, namely, SBP-1A and SBP-2A, these homogeneous acidic polysaccharide components with average molecular weights of 1.15 × 105 Da and 1.4 × 105 Da, respectively, were obtained at high purity. The results showed that the monosaccharide constituents of the two components were fucose, galactosamine hydrochloride, rhamnose, arabinose, glucosamine hydrochloride, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose; the molar ratio of these constituents in SBP-1A was 0.6:0.3:0.6:30.6:3.3:38.4:16.1:8:1.4, and that in SBP-2A was 0.6:0.5:0.8:36.3:4.4:42.7:9.2:3.6:0.7. In addition, SBP-1A and SBP-2A contained uronic acid and β-glucan, and the residue on the polysaccharide was mainly pyranose. The in vitro results showed that the anti-hepatoma activity of SBP-2A was better than that of SBP-1A and SBP. In addition, SBP-2A significantly enhanced HepG2 cell death, as cell viability was decreased, and SBP-2A induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and blocked the G1 phase. This phenomenon was coupled with the upregulated expression of P53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as the downregulated expression of the cell cycle-regulating protein cyclinD1, CDK4, and Bcl-2 in this study. Further analysis showed that 50 mg/kg SBP-2A inhibited the tumour growth in H22 tumour-bearing mice, with an average inhibition rate of 40.33%. Taken together, SBP-2A, isolated and purified from S. barbata showed good antitumour activity in vivo and in vitro, and SBP-2A may be a candidate drug for further evaluation in cancer prevention. This study provides insight for further research on the molecular mechanism of the anti-hepatoma activity of S. barbata polysaccharide.

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“…Stroke and its related disorder cause the disability and death whole over the world. The loss of cerebral blood flow during an ischemic stroke causes metabolic, biochemical and hemodynamic alteration in the damaged brain area to shut down, resulting in brain injury and reduced or lost brain function (Wang et al, 2020b;Yuan et al, 2021b). The neuronal necrosis is aggravated by reperfusion after an ischemic insult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the cerebral ischemia, start the production of oxygen free radicals (OFR) via enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems and later on they can attack on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which are commonly found in the brain cells and vascular endothelial cells (Bu et al, 2019;Yuan et al, 2021b;Shi et al, 2021). Free radical starts the lipid peroxidation reaction which further start the production of various products such as hydroxy, aldehyde (MDA), keto, inner peroxy or carbonyl radicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the results, pterostilbene showed the neuroprotective effect via decreasing the brain lesions and edema may be related to its effect in restriction the free radical production and improved the antioxidant effect. GSH neutralize the hydroperoxides and other toxic free radicals in the brain tissue (Wang et al, 2020b;Yuan et al, 2021b). GSH is endogenous antioxidant enzymes against the oxidative stress.…”

Anti-cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of polysaccharides: A review of the mechanisms

Cited by 80 publications

References 64 publications

Extraction, Structures, Bioactivities and Structure-Function Analysis of the Polysaccharides From Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Extraction, Structures, Bioactivities and Structure-Function Analysis of the Polysaccharides From Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Hepatoma Activity of Acidic Polysaccharides From Scutellaria barbata D. Don

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