“…However, these authentication approaches are difficult and expensive. Thus, a variety of photochromic nanomaterials, such as upconversion nanoparticles, supramolecular scaffolds and polymer dots have been created to offer securityâencoding ink media with the ability to produce anticounterfeiting patterns (Cheng et al, 2020; Haider et al, 2022). Photochromism is an attractive technique for a range of products like optical data storage, displays and memories, ophthalmic lenses, sensors, and smart packaging (AbouâMelha, 2022; Lin et al, 2019).…”