Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies

Luo, Hongyu; Zhao, Mingming; Tan, Darren Qiancheng; Liu, Chang; Yang, Lin; Qiu, Ling; Gao, Yan; Yu, Hua

doi:10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This brings uncertainty in the drug market, and with COVID-19, many products became high-priced. During the time of COVID-19, all the big pharmaceutical companies, whether Indian or locally owned, were challenged by the export restrictions imposed by India and many other supplying countries [14]. This led to shortage of drugs and other health commodities in the Rwandan market.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug supply situation in Rwanda during COVID-19: issues, efforts and challenges

Uwizeyimana

Hashim

Kabakambira

et al. 2021

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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COVID-19 is a threat to health systems around the world and Rwanda is not an exception. The impact of the pandemic is far-reaching and access to health commodities is not spared. Proper drug supply is critical for a robust healthcare system. It determines the extent at which the population are likely to have access to essential medicines and treatments. In Rwanda, the pharmaceutical sector heavily relies on imports. With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, the drug supply system was interrupted leaving many stores from small local pharmacies to the big medical stores running out of stock. The reasons were limited importation of goods from abroad, and the panic buying practice among the customers and some institutions when responding to the pandemic. Drug and medicines accessibility, availability and affordability should be the core of any drug management policy. It is with no doubt that, Rwanda has made a tremendous work to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on the country’s drug supply; however, efforts are still needed to invest in local pharmaceutical production as a way to minimize import expenses in the country. Good policy on drug importation, production and distribution should be enforced to avoid any drug shortage that may be encountered in the Rwandan drug market.

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Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug supply situation in Rwanda during COVID-19: issues, efforts and challenges

Uwizeyimana

Hashim

Kabakambira

et al. 2021

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in widespread activities seeking to identify new anti-viral drugs that might be used to treat COVID-19 patients [ 1 – 5 ]. Remdesivir has emerged as a lead candidate with clear anti-viral activity in vitro [ 6 ] and non-human primates [ 7 ], with results in human trials suggesting benefit, although mortality remained high [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple rapid in vitro screening method for SARS-CoV-2 anti-virals that identifies potential cytomorbidity-associated false positives

Yan

Rawle

et al. 2021

Virol J

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Background The international SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in an urgent need to identify new anti-viral drugs for treatment of COVID-19. The initial step to identifying potential candidates usually involves in vitro screening that includes standard cytotoxicity controls. Under-appreciated is that viable, but stressed or otherwise compromised cells, can also have a reduced capacity to replicate virus. A refinement proposed herein for in vitro drug screening thus includes a simple growth assay to identify drug concentrations that cause cellular stress or “cytomorbidity”, as distinct from cytotoxicity or loss of viability. Methods A simple rapid bioassay is presented for antiviral drug screening using Vero E6 cells and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytopathic effects (CPE) measured using crystal violet staining. We use high cell density for cytotoxicity assays, and low cell density for cytomorbidity assays. Results The assay clearly illustrated the anti-viral activity of remdesivir, a drug known to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. In contrast, nitazoxanide, oleuropein, cyclosporine A and ribavirin all showed no ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 CPE. Hydroxychloroquine, cyclohexamide, didemnin B, γ-mangostin and linoleic acid were all able to inhibit viral CPE at concentrations that did not induce cytotoxicity. However, these drugs inhibited CPE at concentrations that induced cytomorbidity, indicating non-specific anti-viral activity. Conclusions We describe the methodology for a simple in vitro drug screening assay that identifies potential anti-viral drugs via their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced CPE. The additional growth assay illustrated how several drugs display anti-viral activity at concentrations that induce cytomorbidity. For instance, hydroxychloroquine showed anti-viral activity at concentrations that slow cell growth, arguing that its purported in vitro anti-viral activity arises from non-specific impairment of cellular activities. The cytomorbidity assay can therefore rapidly exclude potential false positives.

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“…Recently, Battagello et al, (2020) compiled information on the importance of cell stress signals throughout the SARS-CoV-2 illness; penetration and replication in cells, and suggested that the presence of clinical manifestations in individual patients was due to the infection's transcendent injury and attack on cells (Chen et al, 2020b). Increased mobility of serine protease 2 (TMPRSS 2) and modulation of the function of the renin-angiotensin framework, both of which are strongly linked to ACE2; have been identified as molecular indicators of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells (Lukassen et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2020). In infectious disease clinical practice, physicians are regularly presented with variety of concerns about individual susceptibility among individuals who have the same sickness caused by an indistinguishable culprit.…”

Section: Preventive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective of precision medicine in the management of COVID-19

Verma

Al-Abbas²,

Verma

et al. 2021

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal

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The idea of precision medication is turning out progressively to be famous. The utilization of enormous information, genomics and other "omics" like metabolomics; proteomics and transcriptomics; could soon cause the fantasy of personalized medication to turn into a reality. The most recent advancements in precision medication permit the adjustment of helpful approaches in various pathologies based on the particular molecular interpretation of the patient. Precision medication (PM) represents a new way of thinking about infection detection; prevention and treatment. The use of PM grounds in an emerging COVID virulent disease is becoming more prominent. Various discoveries revealed that severe acute respiratory disorder COVID-2 (SARS CoV-2) is accountable for the Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19), which caused slew of procedures to restrict viral spread, affecting people's habits and lifestyles. According to the viral genomic sequencing, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is established on the ciliated epithelial cells of the human lungs as its particular receptor. In this specific situation; precision medication is an integrative helpful methodology that thinks about conventional elements (i.e. age, sex, clinical aggregate), just as arising hereditary qualities and connections with natural components, to individualize prevention; diagnosis, treatments and prognosis. The aim of this review was to summarize how precision medicine is impactful in the management of COVID-19.

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Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Drug supply situation in Rwanda during COVID-19: issues, efforts and challenges

Drug supply situation in Rwanda during COVID-19: issues, efforts and challenges

Simple rapid in vitro screening method for SARS-CoV-2 anti-virals that identifies potential cytomorbidity-associated false positives

A perspective of precision medicine in the management of COVID-19

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