Anti-deactivation of zeolite catalysts for residue fluid catalytic cracking

Xie, Youhua; Li, He; Jia, Charles Q.; Qin, Yao; Sun, Ming; Ma, Xiaoxun

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2023.119159

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 196 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The longer the residence time, the deeper the reaction between the components. The presence of various forms of nickel, sulfur, and vanadium as major impurities in the regenerated and spent catalysts contributes to catalyst deactivation and attrition factors [7,8,22,[55][56][57]. These poisons occur naturally in the non-hydrotreated atmospheric residue (feedstock) and are associated with various structures during the process.…”

Section: Crystallography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These phenomena may relate to collisions between particles or particles against the tube [8], lateral cracks on the particle surface, and surface attrition due to stresses caused by fluid dynamics [9], as well as poisonous metals such as iron, nickel, vanadium, and sulfur, or the reaction between iron and calcium [57]. The catalyst's attrition such as catalyst abrasion and fragmentation, is an important factor affecting particle properties [7,[69][70][71].…”

Section: Catalyst Morphology Changes During the Fcc Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conversion efficiency of the process depends on the physicochemical properties, deactivation factor, and coking mechanism of the catalyst used to crack a particular feedstock to achieve good conversion with more usable and environmentally friendly final products [6]. Moreover, the deactivation factor mainly depends on the coke deposited on the catalyst and the physical degradation of the catalyst [7,8], which are caused by metal compounds of the feedstock, polyaromatic-aliphatic components, and the process thermal conditions [9], including temperature, injection flow air, particle velocity, and catalyst-to-oil weight ratio [1,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of Equilibrium Catalysts from the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process of Atmospheric Residue

Zakariyaou,

Ye,

Oumarou

et al. 2023

Catalysts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the FCC conversion of heavy petroleum fractions as atmospheric residues, the main challenge for refiners to achieve the quantity and quality of various commercial products depends essentially on the catalyst used in the process. A deep characterization of the catalyst at different steps of the process (fresh, regenerated, and spent catalyst) was investigated to study the catalyst’s behavior including the physicochemical evolution, the deactivation factor, and kinetic–thermodynamic parameters. All samples were characterized using various spectroscopy methods such as N2 adsorption–desorption, UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, LECO carbon analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR13C) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of the N2 adsorption–desorption, UV-vis, Raman, LECO carbon, and SEM imaging showed that the main causes of catalyst deactivation and coking were the deposition of carbon species that covered the active sites and clogged the pores, and the attrition factor due to thermal conditions and poisonous metals. The XRD and XRF results showed the catalyst’s physicochemical evolution during the process and the different interlinks between catalyst and feedstock (Nickel, Vanadium, Sulfur, and Iron) elements which should be responsible for the coking and catalyst attrition factor. It has been found that, in addition to the temperature, the residence time of the catalyst in the process also influences catalyst structure transformation. NMR13C analysis revealed that polyaromatic hydrocarbon is the main component in the deposited coke of the spent catalyst. The pyridine-FTIR indicates that the catalyst thermal treatment has an influence on its Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and the distribution of the products. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the order of catalyst mass loss was fresh > regenerated > spent catalyst due to the progressive losses of the hydroxyl bonds (OH) and the structure change along the catalyst thermal treatment. Moreover, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters showed that all zones are non-spontaneous endothermic reactions.

show abstract