Anti-dermatophyte efficacy and environmental safety of some essential oils commercial and in vitro extracted pure and combined against four keratinophilic pathogenic fungi

Abstract

Aim Establish new biocontrol practices with low persistence in the environment against dermatophyte causing mycosis. Methods Antimycotic activity of twenty-six plant-derived commercial essential oils (EOs) was evaluated against four dermatophyte keratinophilic fungi (Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). Commercial EOs which showed the strongest mycelial growth inhibitions were selected and re-extracted in vitro from fresh plant samples. Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and antifungal index (AI) of pure and combined extracted oils and were evaluated. All samples were collected and examined during the year of 2014. Results The results revealed that commercial EOs of Prunus armeniaca, Prunus dulcis var. amara, Olea europaea and Mentha piperita were the most potent antidermatophyte. The mixture of the extracted four oils was the strongest fungicides followed by the alternative two-oil combined extractions then pure extracted oils. MIC was at 50, 25 and 12.5 lg/disc for pure oils, two-oil combinations and four-oil mixture, respectively. Achieved values of AI were found variable. Conclusion Using of natural products like plant-derived EOs instead of chemotherapy on pathogens can be regarded as an environmental safety mode of diseases control.

Bioactivities of Anethole, Astragalin and Cryptochlorogenic Acid Extracted from Anise Oil and Moringa oleifera on the Keratinase Gene Expression of Trichophyton rubrum

“…The essential oils were then collected from the surface of the water. The obtained essential oil was stored at 4°C for further lab analyses 22,25 . The extracted anethole was used as it was described previously 26 .…”

“…In addition, cell lysis was recognized in fungal tissues of T. rubrum grown on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) and treated with anise (Pimpinella anisum) essential oil (EO) and anethole, suggesting that both extracts possessed antimicrobial activities against T. rubrum 20,21 . The use of natural products, such as plant-derived EOs, as an alternative to synthetic chemical agents is regarded as an environmentally safe alternative for disease control 22 .…”

Anti-dermatophyte activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oils against dermatophytes

“…Prunus armeniaca, Prunus dulcis var. amara, Olea europaea, Mentha piperita [19], Artemisia sieberi [20], Juniperus communis ssp. alpina, J. oxycedrus ssp.…”

Controlled inactivation of Trichophyton rubrum using shaped electrical pulse bursts: Parametric analysis

“…The other 20% progress into a chronic state of dermatophytosis, which becomes resistant to standard antifungal methods . The general limitations of the current therapeutic options include non‐specific spectrum of activity, lack of efficacy, multiple drug interactions, the inadequate duration of the treatment, or the relapse of the infection . Due to the increasing prevalence of T. rubrum infections, the pathogen is the object of the research of many recent studies of the antifungal methods, such as photodynamic inhibition, ultraviolet irradiation, or non‐thermal plasma …”

“…8 The general limitations of the current therapeutic options include non-specific spectrum of activity, lack of efficacy, multiple drug interactions, the inadequate duration of the treatment, or the relapse of the infection. 6,10,11 Due to the increasing prevalence of T. rubrum infections, the pathogen is the object of the research of many recent studies of the antifungal methods, such as photodynamic inhibition, ultraviolet irradiation, or non-thermal plasma. 6,12,13 In this study as an alternative to conventional antifungal treatments, the electroporation method is applied, which is based on the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF) to induce irreversible damage of the cell membrane.…”