Anti-diabetic activities of phenolic compounds of Alternaria sp., an endophyte isolated from the leaves of desert plants growing in Egypt

Abstract

Six phenolic compounds were isolated from the solid rice culture media of Alternaria sp., an endophyte isolated from the leaves of three desert plants, Lycium schweinfurthii Dammer (Solanaceae), Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) and Cynanchum acutum L. (Apocynaceae).

Chemical and Biological Properties of Three Poorly Studied Species of Lycium Genus—Short Review

“…Alternarienoic acid, altenuene and altenusin had potent in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 7.95, 40.38 and 46.14 µM, respectively, much better than the positive control (acarbose) which IC 50 value was 283 µM (Table 2). The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity also assayed by the authors, showed that these three compounds also had the highest inhibitory activity, particularly altenuene, which presented a IC 50 value of 3.18 µM (Table 2), much closer to the IC 50 value (1.35 µM) of the positive control (orlistat) than the remaining two samples (20.82 and 21.46 µM, for alternarienoic acid and altenusin, respectively [89]. The molecular docking study was done to predict the preferred fitting between two of the interacting chemical moieties of the phenolic compound and protein, using a computational simulation using through the Molecular Operating Environment package (MOE).…”

“…Metabolites 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 22 idues, later confirmed through protein ligand interaction fingerprints [89]. According to the authors, these inhibitory activities can be promising naturally occurring anti-diabetic candidates.…”

“…The molecular docking study was done to predict the preferred fitting between two of the interacting chemical moieties of the phenolic compound and protein, using a computational simulation using through the Molecular Operating Environment package (MOE). According to this approach, the authors concluded that alternarienoic acid, altenuene and altenusin showed a maximum number of interactions with amino acids residues in the active site were able to maintain interaction with essential key residues, later confirmed through protein ligand interaction fingerprints [89]. According to the authors, these inhibitory activities can be promising naturally occurring anti-diabetic candidates.…”

“…More recently, Elbermawi et al [89] isolated from the fresh leaves of L. schweinfurthii, collected in the International Coastal Road, 40 km west from Gamasa City (Egypt), an endophytic fungus identified as Alternaria sp., which was then made to grow on solid rice culture media. From the ethyl acetate extract of this culture media, the authors isolated and identified six phenolic compounds (talaroflavone, alternarienoic acid, altenuene, altenusin, alternariol and alternariol-5-O-methyl ether) (Figure 6).…”

“…Table 2. Biological properties found for some compounds isolated from endophytic fungi found in L. schweinfurthii and L. intricatum (adapted from [89,[91][92][93].…”