Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae) in Rats and Mice

Antwi, Stephen; Martey, O. N. K.; Donkor, Kingsley K.; Okine, Laud Kenneth

doi:10.3923/jpt.2009.117.125

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The acute lethal dose toxicity revealed that gavage administration of B. sapida extract produced no mortality in animals up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg bwt. It has also been reported [24] that LD 50 values of both aqueous and ethanol extract of the leaves of B. sapida is greater than 5000 mg/kg which did not deviate from the observation of [25]. The rate of feeding was normal, the animals were active and no mortality was recorded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Sub-chronic toxicity study of ethanol stem-bark extract of Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae) in wistar rats

Adekola

Areola

Omisore

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Blighia sapida has been used in the treatment of different pathologies. The study aimed at evaluating the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of ethanol stem-bark extract of B. sapida. The acute toxicity was evaluated by gavage administration at single dose and the extract was also administered at doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight every other day for ninety day. No mortality or observable signs of toxicity were observed for acute and sub-chronic effects of the extract on the tested animals. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in haematological and biochemical parameters compared to the control group. However, histopathological observation revealed some derangements which could be due to continuous consumption of the extract by the animals. It implied that care must be exercised in the use of the plant for a long period of time to prevent its possible long-term toxic effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Sub-chronic toxicity study of ethanol stem-bark extract of Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae) in wistar rats

Adekola

Areola

Omisore

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…Gastric ulcer is one of the most important problems in developing countries that may be attributed to the exposure of stomach mucosa to various harmful factors ( Antwi et al, 2009 ). The detailed etiopathogenesis of this ailment is still unclear ( Ramamurthy and Marueen, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about 75% of the world’s population, especially in developing countries, trust and rely on herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of multiple ailments. About 10% of the population relies on herbal medicine for the treatment or prevention of digestive disturbances ( Antwi et al, 2009 ; Aziz, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of Biochemical, Genetic, and Immunohistochemical Factors in the Etio-Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcer in Rats: A Comparative Study of the Effect of Pomegranate Loaded Nanoparticles Versus Pomegranate Peel Extract

et al. 2021

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BackgroundFew data are available about the role of herbal extract loaded nanoparticles as an alternative safe medicine for the management of a gastric ulcer.AimThis work is targeted at exploring the physiological effects of pomegranate loaded nanoparticles (PLN) against an indomethacin IND-induced gastric ulcer and comparing the results with traditional pomegranate peel extract (PPE).MethodsTwenty-four rats were equally distributed into four groups: control, IND-treated, PLN-treated, and PPE-treated groups. Gross examination of gastric mucosa, and the calculation of ulcer and inhibition indices were done. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, gastric homogenate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated. Mucosal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS mRNA) expression was identified by qPCR. Histological and immuno-histochemical staining of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and eNOS of stomach mucosa were performed.ResultsIn comparison with the control group, IND-treated rats showed visible multiple ulcers with ulcer index, serum MDA, IL-2 and IL-6 were elevated while IL-10, PGE2, NO, and eNOS mRNA expression were significantly reduced. Damaged surface epithelium with disrupted glandular architecture and heavy leucocyte infiltration of lamina propria was noticed. Immunohistochemical staining of stomach mucosa revealed marked increased TNF-α and reduced eNOS. Oral administration of PLN and PPE succeeded in improving the gross mucosal picture, and all biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations.ConclusionBoth PLN and PPE potently alleviated IND-induced gastric ulceration via increasing TAC, PGE2, NO, eNOS mRNA, and protein expression. However, the healing effect of PLN was obviously greater than PPE-treated rats.

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“…In coincidence with the negative effect of the extract on Gram negative bacteria, Antwi et al (2009), reported that the antidiarrheal activity of aqueous and ethanolic stem bark extracts of B. sapida was as a result of the ability of the extracts to inhibit intestinal motility and enteropooling effect. This implies that the usefulness of the leaf and stem bark extracts of B. sapida in the treatment of dysentery in folklore is not due to its antibacterial effect on toxin producing bacteria that are associated with diarrhea, such as E. coli and S. dysenteriae, rather it is due to the ability of the extract to inhibit intestinal motility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This plant species has been used by the Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine (CSRPM), Ghana, for the treatment of diarrhea, for over 20 years. The antidiarrheal activity of the stem bark of B. sapida has also been documented by Antwi et al (2009). The traditional use of B. sapida for the treatment of dysentery, yellow fever, eye sore, burns, wounds, skin sore etc has also been reported (Etukudo, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Blighia sapida

Peace¹,

Udobi²,

Ekaete³

et al. 2013

JPS

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Antimicrobial investigation of the leaf and stem bark extracts of Bligha sapida was carried out against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae) and fungi (Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus). The two extracts did not exert antifungal effect on any of the tested fungal species, at the concentrations used in this study but exhibited activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis but not against E. coli and S. dysenteriae. The stem bark extract was more potent than the leaf extract. The highest stem bark extract concentration (200 mg/ml) resulted in inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 14.33 + 0.57 and 15.00 + 0.00 for S. aureus and B. subtilis respectively, whereas the same concentration of the leaf extract resulted in IZD of 10.66 + 1.15 and 9.33 + 0.98 for S. aureus and B. subtilis respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 12.5 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml were obtained for the stem bark extract assayed against B. subtilis and S. aureus, respectively. With the same extract, minimum bactericidal concentrations of 25 and >100 mg/ml were obtained for B. subtilis and S. aureus respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids in both extracts. Alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins and terpenes were also detected in the leaves. Results obtained, explains why parts of this plant are used traditionally for the treatment of various infections.

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Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae) in Rats and Mice

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Sub-chronic toxicity study of ethanol stem-bark extract of Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae) in wistar rats

Sub-chronic toxicity study of ethanol stem-bark extract of Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae) in wistar rats

Interplay of Biochemical, Genetic, and Immunohistochemical Factors in the Etio-Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcer in Rats: A Comparative Study of the Effect of Pomegranate Loaded Nanoparticles Versus Pomegranate Peel Extract

Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Blighia sapida

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