Anti-Fatigue Effects of Small Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in Mice

Abstract

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) is an edible and medicinal Chinese herb, which is often used in Asian countries for physical fitness. Ginseng is reported to have a wide range of biological activity and pharmaceutical properties. There were more studies on ginsenosides and polysaccharides, but fewer studies on ginseng oligopeptides (GOP), which are small molecule oligopeptides isolated from ginseng. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of GOP in mice and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Mice were randomly divided into four experimental sets for the detection of different indicators. Each set of mice were then divided into four groups. The control group was administered distilled water, and three GOP intervention groups were administered 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, of GOP by gavage each day. After 30 days of GOP treatment, it was observed that GOP could significantly increase the forced swimming time, enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and hepatic glycogen levels, and retard the accumulation of serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and blood lactic acid (BLA) in mice. GOP also markedly ameliorated fatigue-induced alterations of inoxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. Notably, GOP increased the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors and mitochondrial DNA content in skeletal muscles of mice. These results suggest that GOP possess anti-fatigue effects, which may be attributed to the inhibition of oxidative stress and the improvement of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscles. GOP could be a novel natural agent for relieving exercise fatigue.

Buffalo Milk Can Rescue Fatigue in Young Mice, Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Boost Learning and Memory in Aging Mice

“…This is in line with our results of increased hepatic glycogen contents in the PBM treated group which showed less fatigue. Constant and high-intensity labor results in the accumulation of metabolites in the body and is the main cause of physical fatigue [41]. In our ndings, forced swimming time signi cantly increased with PBM in female mice indicating they were less fatigued.…”

Beneficial Effects of Small Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Panax ginseng Meyer on Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction and Death in Diabetic Rats

“…Identification of GOP were showed that 95.42% of the GOP sample had a molecular weight between 180 and 1000 Dalton. Amino acids accounted for 3.94% [ 20 ].…”

“…Ginsenoside and polysaccharides are currently the most studied. Meanwhile, ginseng oligopeptides (GOPs) are a kind of nutrients with low molecular weight, high bioavailability, and absorption features, which have numerous potential physiological functions [ 19 , 20 ]. However, studies on the beneficial effects of ginseng oligopeptides (GOPs) on glycemia are rarely conducted.…”

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“…Điều trị bằng thuốc chống rối loạn lo âu, trầm cảm làm tăng số lần chuyển tiếp giữa hai ngăn, mà không làm thay đổi sở thích của chuột dành nhiều thời gian hơn vào khoang tối . Sự gia tăng hoạt động thăm dò này được giải thích như một sự ức chế khám phá [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Kết quả ở bảng 4, 5 cho thấy hồng sâm Hàn Quốc liều 200 mg/kg và sâm Ngọc Linh liều 200mg/kg làm tăng đáng kể thời gian lưu của chuột trong buồng sáng (p<0,001) còn ở liều 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg sâm Ngọc Linh không làm thay đổi rõ rệt thời gian và số lần lưu của chuột trong buồng sáng so với chứng (p>0,05).…”