Anti-GAD antibodies, a rare cause of limbic encephalitis: a case report

Ael, Yannick Van; Amir, Rizvana; Cras, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s13760-015-0493-1

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…After plasma exchange (1.5 times the plasma volume per session), the patient's symptoms improved significantly, and after 8 weeks, the symptoms of encephalopathy were completely resolved. Van Ael et al (62) used steroids to treat a 26-year-old woman with GAD antibody limbic encephalitis, but the treatment was unsuccessful. Plasma exchange was subsequently initiated, and marked improvements in clinical symptoms, including memory, seizures, and imaging findings were observed.…”

Section: Application Of Plasma Exchange In Different Types Of Steroidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Plasma Exchange in Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy

Jiang

Tian

et al. 2019

Front. Immunol.

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Plasma exchange has been widely used in autoimmune neurological diseases and is the standard treatment for myasthenia gravis crisis and Guillain-Barre syndrome. A growing body of research suggests that, in the clinical application of steroid-responsive encephalopathy, such as for Hashimoto's encephalopathy, limbic encephalitis, systemic lupus erythematosus encephalopathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, plasma exchange is a safe, and effective option when steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies are ineffective in the short term or when contraindications are present. Additionally, plasma exchange can also be used alone or in combination with steroids, immunoglobulins, or other immunosuppressive agents to treat steroid-responsive encephalopathy. This paper reviews the clinical application of plasma exchange in steroid-responsive encephalopathy, including its indications, onset time, course, curative effects, and side effects.

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Section: Application Of Plasma Exchange In Different Types Of Steroidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Plasma Exchange in Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy

Jiang

Tian

et al. 2019

Front. Immunol.

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“…GAD directed antibody (anti-GAD) is a rare cause of autoimmune limbic encephalitis, with a prevalence of 1.9/100,000. It mainly affects mesial temporal lobes [ 1 , 2 ]. Patients usually present with altered mental status, cognitive impairment and refractory seizures [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survival Case of Super-refractory Status Epilepticus due to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies-associated Limbic Encephalitis

Liu¹,

Zhou²,

Meng³

et al. 2018

Cureus

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Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a neurological syndrome that mainly affects mesial temporal lobes. It may present in association with cancer or infection. Limbic encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD) is rare. Here, we report a case of anti-GAD limbic encephalitis to heighten the awareness of this rare cause of autoimmune encephalitis. Anti-GAD-associated epilepsy is often poorly responsive to seizure medications. Treatment is challenging. Early initiation of immunotherapy is important.

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