Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease as a Potential Complication of COVID-19: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Nephrotic syndrome and vasculitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: true association or circumstantial?

“…COVID-19 may be one such infection [ 32 , 33 ], as suggested by a report of a cluster of cases in London during the current pandemic [ 34 ] with a 5-fold increased incidence. Although five of eight tested patients presenting with anti-GBM Ab were negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR, four had IgM and/or IgG Abs to SARS-CoV-2 S protein, raising the possibility that immune response to SARS-CoV-2 could be related to development of anti-GBM in some patients [ 34 ].…”

COVID-19 Illness in a Patient With Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease: A Clinical Dilemma

“…The authors hypothesised that the poor outcome may have been due to the pre-existing lung pathology induced by anti-GBM disease. Nahhal et al [ 6 ] reported the case of a 63-year-old male who presented with features of DAH and was later diagnosed as anti-GBM disease along with COVID-19 infection. As with our patient, this patient suffered episodes of haemoptysis during ICU stay, deteriorated rapidly, and eventually succumbed.…”

Extra-Pulmonary Complications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Comprehensive Multi Organ-System Review

“…During an active infection, the kidneys filter cytokines and virulence factors out of the blood, while resident dendritic cells concurrently present SARS-CoV-2 antigens to T cells within the renal draining lymph nodes [24,54]. This functioning seems efficacious, but processing blood-borne pathogens exposes the kidneys to reactive oxygen species, SARS-CoV-2 virions, and itinerate properdin, which engenders bystander complement activation and direct renal cell invasion [24,[54][55][56].…”

“…Additionally, when SARS-CoV-2 infiltrates tubular renal cells, nephropathies such as anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease and membranous glomerulonephritis may occur [24,54]. Both of these pathologies result in the defacement of foot processes, podocytes detachment from the basement membrane, and collapsing glomerulopathy [54,55,57]. Moreover, repeated injury to the epithelial and interstitial cells will incite fibrosis, which latterly leads to acute renal failure [24,54].…”