Anti-HCV activities of selective polyunsaturated fatty acids

Leu, Guang Zhou; Lin, Tong; Hsu, Ju Wei

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.019

Cited by 97 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Analyzing the effect of hexanic extracts from seeds against both viruses it seems to confirm the interaction between virus and PUFAs reported in the literature (Apostolov et al, 1989;Leu et al 2004;Orhan et al, 2011). For example, the pretreatment of cells with extracts having oleic and linoleic acid as major compounds, lead to maximal antiviral effect against hepatitis C virus (HCV) (Oh and Chung, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Annona Squamosa L. (Annonaceae): Chemical Bioprospection and Biological Activity in Two Phenological Stages

Silva¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Annona squamosa L. has been recognized by having compounds with important in vitro biological activity against human disease or as insecticide. However, knowledge of the antiviral potential and micro molecules production of A. squamosa L. at different phenological stages is scarce. The secondary metabolites detection and biological activity from seeds and leaves in 4 and 14 years old trees from semi arid region were performed. Phytochemical identification was obtained by chemical bioprospection and histochemical localization in leaves and seeds'. Seeds acids content was analyzed by gas chromatography. Cytotoxic effect and antiviral activities against equine and suid herpesvirus were also performed. Results showed differences in the amount of flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds between leaves and seeds and by stage of production. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds, especially tannins, were higher in older trees' leaves. Fat acids detected in seeds were oleic, linoleic arachidic, Cis-11-eicosenoic, elaidic and palmitoidic acids. Cytotoxicity was higher in hydrophobic than hydroalcoolic extracts. Broad spectrum antiviral activity was more marked for younger trees' aqueous extract. The high chemical adaptability of A. squamosa to semi arid environment was evident and the identification of A. squamosa secondary metabolites regarding the plant senescence may guide a better utilization of plant organs in order to obtain substances of pharmacological interest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Annona Squamosa L. (Annonaceae): Chemical Bioprospection and Biological Activity in Two Phenological Stages

Silva¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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“…The maximal effects of 2-AG and AA were obtained with 3 μM 2-AG or AA, which inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli by ~95% and ~85%, respectively. Importantly, the low concentration of LTB 4 , AA, or 2-AG that we used did not impact virus infectivity or bacterial growth [48,49].…”

Section: -Ag and Aa Induce The Release Of Antimicrobial Effectors Bymentioning

confidence: 98%

2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol- and arachidonic acid-stimulated neutrophils release antimicrobial effectors against E. coli, S. aureus, HSV-1, and RSV

Chouinard

Turcotte

Guan

et al. 2013

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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The endocannabinoid 2-AG is highly susceptible to its hydrolysis into AA, which activates neutrophils through de novo LTB 4 biosynthesis, independently of CB activation. In this study, we show that 2-AG and AA stimulate neutrophils to release antimicrobial effectors. Supernatants of neutrophils activated with nanomolar concentrations of 2-AG and AA indeed inhibited the infectivity of HSV-1 and RSV. Additionally, the supernatants of 2-AG-and AA-stimulated neutrophils strongly impaired the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This correlated with the release of a large amount (micrograms) of α-defensins, as well as a limited amount (nanograms) of LL-37. All the effects of AA and 2-AG mentioned above were prevented by inhibiting LTB 4 biosynthesis or by blocking BLT 1 . Importantly, neither CB 2 receptor agonists nor antagonists could mimic nor prevent the effects of 2-AG, respectively. In fact, qPCR data show that contaminating eosinophils express ~100-fold more CB 2 receptor mRNA than purified neutrophils, suggesting that CB 2 receptor expression by human neutrophils is limited and that contaminating eosinophils are likely responsible for the previously documented CB 2 expression by freshly isolated human neutrophils. The rapid conversion of 2-AG to AA and their subsequent metabolism into LTB 4 promote 2-AG and AA as multifunctional activators of neutrophils, mainly exerting their effects by activating the BLT 1 . Considering that nanomolar concentrations of AA or 2-AG were sufficient to impair viral infectivity, this suggests potential physiological roles for 2-AG and AA as regulators of host defense in vivo.

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“…It is also expected that bisphosphonate has antiviral effects because bisphosphonate inhibits farnesyl-diphosphate synthase, the expression of which was enhanced in HCV-infected liver. Furthermore, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was reported to inhibit HCV replication in the replicon system and to suppress SREBP-1c activity (19,20). Therefore, EPA might elicit antiviral effects via the inhibition of SREBP-1c.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the expression of cholesterol metabolism-associated genes in HCV-infected liver: A novel target for therapy?

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Recent investigations indicate that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is closely associated with hepatocytic lipid metabolism and induces hepatic steatosis. However, the actual lipid metabolism in HCV-infected liver has not been extensively investigated in humans. In this study, we evaluated the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes in patients with HCV infection by real-time PCR. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-2 expression was unchanged and low density lipoprotein receptor expression was markedly reduced by 90% in HCV-infected liver. The expression of apolipoprotein B100, microsomal triglyceride transfer ptotein and ATP-binding cassette G5 was significantly increased. Up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis-associated genes, including HMG-CoA reductase, HMG-CoA synthase, farnesyldiphosphate synthase and squalene synthase, confirmed enhanced de novo cholesterol synthesis. The expression of cholesterol 7·-hydroxylase and farnesoid X receptor was enhanced, while bile salt export pump expression was unchanged. Fatty acid synthase expression was increased which was accompanied by increased expression of liver X receptor · and SREBP-1c. In summary, the regulation of lipid metabolism was impaired and cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis continued to increase without negative feedback in HCV-infected liver. These changes may be beneficial for HCV replication. IntroductionA close association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and lipid metabolism was previously reported. For example, the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a target for HCV entry into hepatocytes (1,2), therefore, ß-lipoproteins influence HCV proliferation. Serum HCV-Ag levels are negatively correlated with serum ß-lipoproteins (3) and LDLcholesterol levels are correlated with the outcome of HCV treatment with interferon (IFN) (4,5). HCV core protein induces hepatic lipid accumulation by activating sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c (6,7). In addition, liver microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a key enzyme for the assembly of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), may be involved in HCV-related steatosis, and hepatic MTP expression and steatosis showed significant negative correlation in patients with chronic hepatitis C (8-11). Approximately 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis C have hepatic steatosis which enhances disease progression (12-14). Host metabolic factors as well as viral factors should be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. However, the actual lipid metabolism in HCV-infected liver has not been extensively INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 24: 825-828, 2009 825 Changes in the expression of cholesterol metabolism-associated genes in HCV-infected liver:A novel target for therapy?

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Anti-HCV activities of selective polyunsaturated fatty acids

Cited by 97 publications

References 23 publications

Annona Squamosa L. (Annonaceae): Chemical Bioprospection and Biological Activity in Two Phenological Stages

Annona Squamosa L. (Annonaceae): Chemical Bioprospection and Biological Activity in Two Phenological Stages

2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol- and arachidonic acid-stimulated neutrophils release antimicrobial effectors against E. coli, S. aureus, HSV-1, and RSV

Changes in the expression of cholesterol metabolism-associated genes in HCV-infected liver: A novel target for therapy?

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