Anti-HCV false positivity in malaria

Aceti, Antonio; Taliani, Gloria; Bac, Carlo De; Sebastiani, A.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)93139-g

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…HCV infection appears to be absent in two of the studied communities. The high false-reactivity with ELISA systems found by us has been reported in other studies and might result from cross-reactivity with tropical pathogens or the presence of interfering substances (Aceti et al 1990, Tibbs et al 1991. Malaria is highly endemic among these Amerindians (Pérez & Bracho 1993).…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Amerindians from Western Venezuela

Monsalve-Castillo¹,

Chacín-Bonilla²,

Atencio

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 63%

Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Amerindians from Western Venezuela

Monsalve-Castillo¹,

Chacín-Bonilla²,

Atencio

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…18 Although the mean IgG levels of the Tanzanian samples were about 2 times higher than that expected for the general population of the United States, IgG levels were not clearly correlated with EIA-3 false reactivity: the mean IgG concentration in HCV EIA-3 falsepositive sera was only about 10% higher than the mean IgG levels in EIA-3 non-reactive sera. Therefore, although elevated IgG levels may contribute to EIA-3 false reactions in this population, differences in IgG levels cannot fully explain the high EIA-3 false-reactivity rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in the general population of northwest Tanzania.

Tess

Levin²,

Brubaker³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Sera from 516 participants enrolled in a population-based cross-sectional study in northwest Tanzania were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). The mean age of study subjects was 29 years (range ϭ 16-49 years); 43% were men, 6% reported a history of blood transfusion, and 4% were infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). Although 53 of 516 sera (10.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] ϭ 7.8-13.2%) were repeatedly reactive by a third-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-3), only 6 of the 53 were positive when tested with a thirdgeneration recombinant immunoblot assay (confirmed HCV seroprevalence ϭ 1.2%, 95% CI ϭ 0.4-2.5%). The positive predictive value of the HCV EIA-3 in this population was 18.8% (95% CI ϭ 7.0-36.4%). False positivity was not correlated with EIA-3 optical density values, age, sex, infection with HIV-1, or a history of blood transfusion, but it was marginally associated with increased serum IgG levels. We conclude that the prevalence of HCV is low in this region and that the HCV EIA-3 has a higher false-positivity rate in this population than has been reported among U.S. blood donors.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiologic agent of post-transfusional hepatitis worldwide 1 and may also be an important cause of community acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis in certain parts of Africa. 2,3 Infection with HCV is usually asymptomatic, but may result in chronic hepatitis with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 4,5 Assays for the detection of antibodies against HCV proteins were developed soon after the viral genome was cloned in 1989. 6 An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) represented an important advance in reducing HCV transmission through blood transfusion. Supplemental tests for detecting antibodies to HCV, such as the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), have been developed to confirm reactivity detected by the EIA. 7 Studies of volunteer blood donors and general populations have shown considerable geographic variation in HCV seroprevalence:8 0.5-1.5% in western Europe, northern Europe, North America, and Australia; 1.5-2.5% in Japan and the Mediterranean region; and as high as 14% in Egypt. In sub-Saharan Africa, data on the prevalence of HCV are limited and the extent of HCV infection remains unknown in most countries. In this study, we estimated the seroprevalence of HCV in a population-based cross-sectional study in northwest Tanzania. METHODSDuring 1989 and 1990, a population-based study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in northwest Tanzania. The protocol for this study was approved by the appropriate review committees of the Tanzanian Ministry of Health and the National Cancer Institute. The study methods have been described elsewhere. 9 Briefly, the target population consisted of people living in rural, peri-urban (mainly subsistence farmers and their families), and urban areas (commercial workers). Subjects 15-49 years of age were randomly selected from household rosters supplied by the local governmen...

show abstract

“…These included failure to discover all patients with HCV infection, 12 long "window-phase" before seroconversion (could be up to 12 months), 13 in addition to a high rate of false-positive reactions. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] To circumvent the drawbacks of the anti-HCV c100-3 test, recombinant or synthetic antigens derived from other regions of the HCV genome were included in the test and this is what is referred to as second-generation anti-HCV EIA tests. The additional antigens c22 and c33 were derived from two conserved regions: the structural region (core) and NS3 region, respectively (Figure l).…”

Section: Anti-hcv Enzyme Immunoassay (Eia) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Saudi Arabia: A Review

Al-Faleh

Ramia

1997

Ann Saudi Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is well established now that HCV is the major etiological agent of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (PT-NANBH), [1][2][3] and that it has a worldwide distribution. Studies on HCV infection have led to three striking observations. First, there is a high frequency of chronic infection in a significant number of infected individuals. It is estimated that at least 50% of HCV infections lead to chronic liver disease, including chronic active hepatitis with or without concurrent cirrhosis. [4][5][6] Second, HCV has been implicated as one of the major causative agents of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan 7 , Saudi Arabia, 8 and other parts of the world. [9][10] Third, approximately 45% of HCV cases have no obvious risk factors, including parenteral exposure, 4-6 leaving unanswered the question of virus transmission via as yet unidentified routes of exposure. The aim of this article is to review the literature about the extent of HCV infection in Saudi Arabia and see what can be concluded from the studies conducted so far. However, since there have been dramatic advances in the serologic diagnosis of HCV during the past six to seven years, we would first like to briefly review those serologic tests used and their reliability in diagnosing HCV infection. Diagnosis of HCV Infection Anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testsHCV infection, once a diagnosis of "exclusion" based on the absence of markers of acute infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) can now be specifically diagnosed by using serodiagnostic assays for virus-specific antibodies.11 A first-generation anti-HCV EIA test was developed by using recombinant c100-3, derived from the NS3/NS4 region of the genome of HCV, as antigen (Figure 1). The test was used widely and although important data was generated, the test suffered from major drawbacks. These included failure to discover all patients with HCV infection, 12 long "window-phase" before seroconversion (could be up to 12 months), 13 in addition to a high rate of false-positive reactions. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] To circumvent the drawbacks of the anti-HCV c100-3 test, recombinant or synthetic antigens derived from other regions of the HCV genome were included in the test and this is what is referred to as second-generation anti-HCV EIA tests. The additional antigens c22 and c33 were derived from two conserved regions: the structural region (core) and NS3 region, respectively (Figure l). 21,22 In patients with posttransfusion NANBH, the seroconversion rate improved from 54% with the first-generation to 82% with a second-generation test and the time lag to seroconversion decreased from a mean of 6.1 weeks after the onset of hepatitis with the first-generation test to a mean of 2.3 weeks with the second-generation test.23 Thus, the second-generation test reduces the "window-phase" to seroconversion and increases the sensitivity in diagnosing HCV infection, with a dramatic reduction in the number of false-positive reactions seen with the first-generation ...

show abstract

Anti-HCV false positivity in malaria

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Amerindians from Western Venezuela

Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Amerindians from Western Venezuela

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in the general population of northwest Tanzania.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Saudi Arabia: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About