Alangium salvifolium is considered a medicinal plant in India and is used to heal various diseases. The traditional healers documented that roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, and bark of Alangium salvifolium have potent medicinal properties. The researchers reported the nature of the phytoconstituents responsible for imparting therapeutic properties. Different pharmacological actions such as antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiarthritis, antimicrobial, anthelmintics, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. have been scientifically investigated based on the chemical constituents of this plant. Further, the biomarkers compounds are isolated and characterized, which are responsible for the therapeutic efficacy. The present paper presented the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Alangium salvifolium. The researchers have enormous scope to explore the unidentified active constituents, preclinical and clinical study of the different parts of Alangium salvifolium.