Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) is useful for the regulation of various pathological conditions in Northeast Asia and is known to possess antioxidant activity. Here, triterpenoid of SC (TSC) was isolated from ethanol-water extracts of SC by using an octadecylsilyl column and shown to be one of the major active constituents of SC. The hepatoprotective effects of TSC in a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury (AALI) were evaluated based on serum biochemical indicators and antioxidative capacity. Severe liver damage caused by alcohol intake with increasing activation of hepatic markers was decreased in the group of mice fed TSC, and the results were confirmed through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum biochemical indicators and antioxidative capacity were decreased by alcohol but recovered by TSC. Furthermore, TSC increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced inflammatory reactions. The experimental results indicate that TSC has preventive and therapeutic effects against AALI.Keywords: Schizandra chinensis, triterpenoid, acute alcohol-induced liver injury, mice, octadecylsilyl *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mengxjsy@126.com
IntroductionExcessive alcohol consumption is the primary cause of liver disease in most countries, and to date, there is no satisfactory therapeutic drug (Fung et al., 2007). As a severe hepatotoxicant, alcohol causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is associated with a spectrum of liver injury ranging from steatosis and steatohepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis (Tilg and Day, 2007;O'Shea et al., 2010;An et al., 2012). ALD is associated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and imbalanced immune responses (Tilg and Diehl, 2000;McClain et al., 2004), and alcohol-induced oxidative stress is caused by 3 ethanol metabolic pathways that involve alcohol dehydrogenase, the microsomal ethanol oxidation system, and catalase (Das and Vasudevan, 2007). Alcohol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to form acetaldehyde, which is processed to generate free radicals . Peroxisomal activity also results in ethanol oxidation in the liver and may be more obvious in heavy ethanol consumers, who show accumulation of fatty acids in the liver because of increased fatty acid peroxisomal oxidation (Koch et al., 2004).Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC, Wuweizi in China) is a member of the Magnoliaceae family that occurs in the Northeast Asia (Hancke et al., 1999). It has been regarded as a useful material in the treatment of various pathological conditions over the last several decades in China, Korea, and Japan. The fruits and stems of SC are listed officially as a food and herbal medicine in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, and they have thus been widely added to functional foods and used to treat a variety of diseases (Lee et al., 2009). SC is known to contain a variety of bioactive constituents, including triterpenoid, lignans, polysaccharides, and sterols (Peng et al., 2005). Triterpenoids are among the major functional comp...