2013
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076038
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Anti-HIV Activity of Human Defensin 5 in Primary CD4+ T Cells under Serum-Deprived Conditions Is a Consequence of Defensin-Mediated Cytotoxicity

Abstract: BackgroundWe have previously shown that human defensin 5 (HD5) promotes HIV infectivity in both primary CD4+ T cells and HeLa cells expressing CD4 and CCR5. HD5 is induced in response to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, suggesting it plays a role in STI-mediated enhancement of HIV transmission. In contrast to our findings, a recent study reports that HD5 has an anti-HIV effect in primary CD4+ T cells under serum-deprived conditions. To resolve thes… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Previously, HD5 was found to be pro-apoptotic for primary CD4 + T cells in the absence of serum at concentrations as low as 1.4 μM [58]. In contrast, under both serum conditions, HD5 enhances HIV-1 infection of HeLa cells expressing CD4 and CCR5 and is non-cytotoxic [46,56]. Rapid inactivation by binding to serum components may protect host cells from damage by defensins; however, defensins likely remain potently antiviral in vivo at high local concentrations upon initial secretion and in serumfree anatomical locations (e.g., phagocytic vacuoles or the bowel lumen).…”
Section: Antiviral Mechanisms Through Direct Interactions Between Defmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previously, HD5 was found to be pro-apoptotic for primary CD4 + T cells in the absence of serum at concentrations as low as 1.4 μM [58]. In contrast, under both serum conditions, HD5 enhances HIV-1 infection of HeLa cells expressing CD4 and CCR5 and is non-cytotoxic [46,56]. Rapid inactivation by binding to serum components may protect host cells from damage by defensins; however, defensins likely remain potently antiviral in vivo at high local concentrations upon initial secretion and in serumfree anatomical locations (e.g., phagocytic vacuoles or the bowel lumen).…”
Section: Antiviral Mechanisms Through Direct Interactions Between Defmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although most mitochondrial changes are considered to be the result of HIV apoptotic capacity and the secondary effects derived from ART 12, there is a growing evidence of the crucial role of mitochondria in the dynamics of HIV infection 29. Despite the interest in several areas of the HIV infection process such as HLA, polymorphisms in viral co‐receptors, antibodies, chemokines and defensins, among others 30, 31, the role of mitochondria has become outstanding in this process 29, 32.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HD5 has been demonstrated to have direct inhibitory effects on HIV-1 entry into purified peripheral blood CD4 + T lymphocytes by binding with viral gp120 and the CD4 receptor in serum-free condition in vitro [ 54 ]. However, Ding and colleagues showed that the antiviral effect of HD5 on HIV infection in serum-free primary CD4 + T lymphocyte cultures was a result of defensin-mediated cell death and was independent of HIV receptors [ 55 ]. Moreover, HD5 treatment enhanced HIV infectivity of HeLa-CD4-CCR5 cells in serum-free condition in vitro , in the absence of defensin-mediated cell death [ 55 ].…”
Section: α -Defensinsmentioning
confidence: 99%