Anti-HIV activity of sulfonated arabinofuranan and xylofuranan

Yoshida, Takashi; Kang, Byoung Won; Hattori, Katsumi; Mimura, Toru; Kaneko, Yutaro; Nakashima, Hideki; Premanathan, Mariappan; Aragaki, R.; Yamamoto, Naoki; Uryu, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1016/s0144-8617(00)00210-1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…bone, and so on (26,27). Therefore, we tentatively presumed that the high-affinity interaction between SPMG and Il-2 may be attributable to the defined sugar sequence rather than the sole existence of negatively charged groups in the SPMG molecule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Potentiation of T Cell Function by a Marine Algae-Derived Sulfated Polymannuroguluronate: In Vitro Analysis of Novel Mechanisms

Xia

Geng

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

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Abstract. Marine algae-derived sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG), a candidate drug for AIDS treatment, was intraperitoneally injected into normal mice for 6 weeks, and the in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of SPMG for immunomodulation were investigated in isolated lymphocytes by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance assay. SPMG treatment at 5 and 10 mg / kg enhanced concanavalin A (ConA)-induced T cell proliferation, cellular levels of CD69, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-g (IFN-g), as well as CD4/ CD8 ratio, while decreasing tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a ) level in T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, 1 molecule of SPMG bound to 2 / 3 molecules of IL-2 with a K D of 9.53´10 -7 M. Heparin prevented SPMG binding to IL-2 by 72.2%; thus, to a large extent, SPMG and heparin share common binding sites on IL-2. In contrast, other glycosaminoglycans (e.g., chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate) had little effect on SPMG and IL-2 interaction, suggesting the requirement of a defined sequence within the sugar chain for specific recognition of IL-2. Concomitant treatment of IL-2 and SPMG augmented lymphocyte proliferation, compared with IL-2 alone; in contrast, SPMG alone had no proliferative effect. Taken together, our findings demonstrated for the first time that SPMG exerted its immunomodulation by direct activation of T cell function, accompanied by simultaneous modulation of cytokine function, which suggests that SPMG would show great promise for use in anti-AIDS therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Potentiation of T Cell Function by a Marine Algae-Derived Sulfated Polymannuroguluronate: In Vitro Analysis of Novel Mechanisms

Xia

Geng

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

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“…As one study has reported, lacquer polysaccharides may hold potent anti‐HIV activities in vitro after sulfonation (Luand others ). Similarly, sulfonated xylofuranan with a high degree of substitution demonstrated strong anti‐HIV activity, as well as the sulfonated arabinofuranan and xylopyranan (Yoshidaand others ).The (1→4)‐2‐deoxy‐2‐sulfoamido‐3‐O‐sulfo‐(1→4)‐β‐ d ‐glucopyranan (23‐Sproduct) can completely inhibit infection of T lymphocytes by AIDS virus without significant cytotoxicity, as the required concentration can be as low as 0.28 μg/mL (Nishimuraand others ). Also, it was reported that the anti‐HIV‐1 activity of dextran sulfate is highly dependent on its sulfur content, which reconfirmed the important role of sulfate groups in exhibiting the antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides (Hayashiand others ).…”

Section: Influence Of Molecular Modification On Bioactivities Of Polymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Sulfated polysaccharides also exerted antiviral effects by competitive inhibition on the combination of viruses and cells (Zhang and Zheng ). In addition, the sulfonated polysaccharides exerted anti‐HIV activity by preventing HIV‐induced cytopathy and virus‐specific antigens’ expression (Yoshida and others ).…”

Section: Influence Of Molecular Modification On Bioactivities Of Polymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activities of one of these plasmatic cofactors—antithrombin—and factors—Xa, XIIa, Xia, and IX—may have been strengthened. In addition, sulfonated arabinofuranan and xylofuranans were found to have higher blood anticoagulant activity than the nonsulfonated forms by reason of having a flexible backbone structure, indicating that the blood anticoagulant activity is enhanced by generating appropriate conformation of the polymer backbone (Yoshidaand others ). However, the lacquer polysaccharides only exhibited weak anticoagulant after sulfonation (Luand others ).…”

Section: Influence Of Molecular Modification On Bioactivities Of Polymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Modification of Polysaccharides and Resulting Bioactivities

Xiong

Lai

et al. 2015

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

415

172

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Polysaccharides are ideal natural resources for supplements and pharmaceuticals that have received more and more attention over the years. Natural polysaccharides have been shown to have fewer side effects, but because of their inherently physicochemical properties, their bioactivities were difficult to compare with those of synthetic drugs. Thus, researchers have modified the structures and properties of natural polysaccharides based on structure-activity relationships and have obtained better functionally improved polysaccharides. This review focuses on the major modification methods of polysaccharides, and discusses the effect of molecular modification on their physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Molecular modification methods mainly include chemical, physical, and biological changes. Chemical modification is the most widely used method; it can significantly increase the water solubility and bioactivities of polysaccharides by grafting onto other groups. Physical and biological modifications only change the molecular weight of a polysaccharide, and thereby change its physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Most of the molecular modifications bring about an increase in the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides, and among these, sulfated and acetylated modifications are very common. Furthermore, phosphorylation modification is the most common application to increase antitumor activity, and modified polysaccharides have been shown to have anti-HIV activity as the result of sulfated modification.

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“…The strategy of ring-opening polymerization of anhydro sugars was extended to the synthesis of glycoconjugates, wherein disaccharides were linked to various proteins (Eby and Schuerch, 1982). More recently arabinofuranan and xylofuranan were prepared from the corresponding 1,4-anhydro sugar polymerizations, and then sulfonated to various extents (Yoshida et al, 2000). Most of such polymers have been investigated for biomedical applications.…”

Section: Biodegradable Polymers Obtained From Synthetic Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable polymers from sugars

Varma

2005

Biodegradable Polymers for Industrial Applications

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Anti-HIV activity of sulfonated arabinofuranan and xylofuranan

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Potentiation of T Cell Function by a Marine Algae-Derived Sulfated Polymannuroguluronate: In Vitro Analysis of Novel Mechanisms

Potentiation of T Cell Function by a Marine Algae-Derived Sulfated Polymannuroguluronate: In Vitro Analysis of Novel Mechanisms

Molecular Modification of Polysaccharides and Resulting Bioactivities

Biodegradable polymers from sugars

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