Anti-Toxoplasmaactivity of silver nanoparticles green synthesized withPhoenix dactyliferaandZiziphus spina-christiextracts which inhibits inflammation through liver regulation of cytokines in Balb/c mice

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis constitutes a global infection caused by oblige intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although often asymptomatic, infection can result in more severe, potentially life threatening symptoms particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The present study evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma effects in experimental animals of silver nanoparticles synthesized in combination with extracts of natural plants (Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi) as an alternative method to standard sulfadiazine drug therapy. Liver functions estimated by and AST and ALT were significantly increased in T. gondii-infected mice compared with the control group as well as hepatic nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and caused significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione activities in the liver homogenates. Nanoparticles pretreatment prevented liver damage as determined by enzyme activity inhibition, in addition to significant inhibition of hepatic NO levels and significant elevation in liver SOD and CAT activities. Moreover, nanoparticle treatment significantly decreased hepatic LPO and NO concentrations and proinflammatory cytokines but significantly boosted the antioxidant enzyme activity of liver homogenate. In addition, histological examinations showed distinct alterations in the infected compared with untreated control groups. Conversely, nanoparticles pretreatment showed improvement in the histological features indicated by slight infiltration and fibrosis, minimal pleomorphism and less hepatocyte and degeneration. Furthermore, nanoparticles treatment induced a reduction in immunoreactivity to TGF-β and NF-κB in hepatic tissues. Therefore, the present study provides new insights into various natural plants that are used traditionally for the treatment of toxoplasmosis and other parasitic infections, which may be useful as alternative treatment option for T. gondii infections.

Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized With Salvia officinalis Leaf Exert Protective Effect on Hepatic Tissue Injury Induced by Plasmodium chabaudi

“…The liberated NF-κB translocate to the nucleus and binds as a transcription factor to κB motifs in the promoters of target genes, leading to their transcription. Aberrant NF-κB activity is linked with various inflammatory diseases, and most anti-inflammatory drugs suppress inflammatory cytokine expression by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway ( 51 ).…”

Isolation of Human Small Extracellular Vesicles and Tracking of Their Uptake by Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro

“…The tendency of nanoparticles to accumulate in specific tissues supports the idea of using nanoparticles to target parasite cysts in the host tissue. Such particles were synthesized in combination with extracts of natural plants (date palm and nabka leaves) and were tested and compared to alternative sulfadiazine (oral: 100 mg/kg) drug therapy [26], with the outcome showing that the treated nanoparticles prevented the occurrence of hepatotoxicity more effectively than did standard treatments.…”

<p>Selenium Nanoparticles Pre-Treatment Reverse Behavioral, Oxidative Damage, Neuronal Loss and Neurochemical Alterations in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Mice</p>

“…The minor size of SeNPs allowed them to cross membrane barriers and accumulate in tissues, resulting in more reactivity. 16 Metal nanoparticles, including SeNPs, have been recently used in the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders due to their high bioavailability, low adverse effects, and promising therapeutic activity. 17 Selenium is a fundamental micronutrient that is incorporated in the structure of the active center of selenoproteins as selenocysteine moiety.…”