Anti-Idiotypes, Retrovirus Receptors, and an Idiotypic Network in a Model of Retrovirus-Induced Thymic Leukemia

Anti-Idiotype Response to Selected Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Generated against Adenovirus Type 2 Fiber

“…Anti-AdF38 and antiAdF41 showed significant antigen-mimick ing characteristics; the epitope that these two antibodies define probably contains the cell binding proteins for fiber. Such 'antirecep tor' anti-id antibodies have been used to de fine binding proteins or receptors for a var iety of other viruses and hormones [14,15], Anti-AdF41 appears to fulfill all the criteria typical of these antibodies, since it competes with fiber for binding to the cell and reduces virus infectivity at high concentrations. It is noteworthy that the anti-AdF38 does not possess these characteristics, even though the two original antibodies, AdF41 and AdF38, compete for similar epitopes.…”

“…Administration of a viral anti-id 'vaccine' can, however, boost the immune response to subsequent infection by the virus [7], Unlike the hormone receptor studies, only a few anti-id-based probes of virus re ceptors have been reported. These have been used to identify receptors for reovirus [14], murine leukemia virus [15], and polyomavirus [16]. However, the reovirus receptor ap pears to resemble the (3-adrenergic receptor [17], and the human immunodeficiency virus receptor is the T4 lymphocyte antigen [18].…”