Anti-Infective Potential of Marine Invertebrates and Seaweeds from the Brazilian Coast

Abstract

This manuscript describes the evaluation of anti-infective potential in vitro of organic extracts from nine sponges, one ascidian, two octocorals, one bryozoan, and 27 seaweed species collected along the Brazilian coast. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) by the disk diffusion method. Antiprotozoal activity was evaluated against Leishmania braziliensis (MHOM/BR/96/LSC96-H3) promastigotes and Trypanosoma cruzi (MHOM/BR/00/Y) epimastigotes by MTT assay. Activity against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi and L. brasiliensis in murine macrophages was also evaluated. Antiviral activity was tested against Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by the plaque number reduction assay (IC50). Cytotoxicity on VERO cells was evaluated by the MTT assay (CC50). The results were expressed as SI = CC50/IC50. The most promising antimicrobial results were obtained against S. aureus and C. albicans with Dragmacidon reticulatum. Among the seaweeds, only Osmundaria obtusiloba showed moderate activity against P. aeruginosa. Concerning antiprotozoal activity, Bugula neritina, Carijoa riseii, Dragmaxia anomala and Haliclona (Halichoclona) sp. showed the most interesting results, mainly against extracellular promastigote forms of L. braziliensis (66, 35.9, 97.2, and 43.6% inhibition, respectively). Moreover, six species of seaweeds Anadyomene saldanhae, Caulerpa cupressoides, Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota sp., Ochtodes secundiramea, and Padina sp. showed promising results against L. braziliensis (87.9, 51.7, 85.9, 93.3, 99.7, and 80.9% inhibition, respectively), and only Dictyota sp. was effective against T. cruzi (60.4% inhibition). Finally, the antiherpes activity was also evaluated, with Haliclona (Halichoclona) sp. and Petromica citrina showing the best results (SI = 11.9 and SI > 5, respectively). All the active extracts deserve special attention in further studies to chemically characterize the bioactive compounds, and to perform more refined biological assays.

Biological activities of marine invertebrates extracts from the northeast brazilian coast

“…Moreover, when manzamine A was chemically transformed to its salt forms, the anti-HSV-1 activity was improved suggesting that augmentation of the overall water solubility can significantly enhance the activity (Jayavardhana et al, 2017). In view of these data and also considering the previous published work of our group (Bianco et al, 2013) that showed the anti-herpes activity of the buthanolic extract of Haliclona sp. collected in Aranhas Island, Santa Catarina State, South Brazil, species of this genus should receive special attention for future works aiming the isolation and structural elucidation of their bioactive metabolites.…”

New drugs with antiprotozoal activity from marine algae: a review

“…(SI of 7.5) were effective against L. brasiliensis amastigotes (IC 50 = 24 and 40 μg/ml, respectively), and C. cervicornis, C. cupressoides, Dictyota sp. and O. secundiramea were strongly cytotoxic for bone marrow macrophages (Bianco et al, 2013). Nara et al (2005) explored the inhibition potential of extracts from brown, red and green marine algae against the recombinant T. cruzi dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), an essential enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.…”

“…The extracts did not show activity against T. cruzi (VonthronSénécheau et al, 2011). Bianco et al (2013) evaluated the antiprotozoal activity of 27 algae species against L. braziliensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and against T. cruzi epimastigotes/ intracellular amastigotes. Six of the 27 species assayed showed activity against these protozoa.…”

Chemical diversity and antileishmanial activity of crude extracts of Laurencia complex (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil

“…Previous studies have focused on the discovery of chemical compounds with pharmaceutical or ecological potential in Laurencia complex (Blunt et al, 2011). In spite of the reports regarding antibacterial, antiviral and cytotoxic activities (Machado et al, 2010), there are only four studies on the antileishmanial action of Laurencia crude extracts (Freile-Pelegrin et al, 2008;Bianco et al, 2013) and their sesquiterpenes (Santos et al, 2010;Machado et al, 2011). Only few reports have addressed inter or intraspecific variation in secondary metabolite composition and none of them have considered the impact of chemical variability on bioactivity (Yuan et al, 2009;Stengel et al, 2011;Sudatti et al, 2011;Oliveira et al, 2013).…”