Anti-Inflammation of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) Against Hemorrhoids in Mice Induced by Croton Oil

Abstract

Background: Hemorrhoids are rectoanal venous plexus swelling that causes inflammation, pain, and bleeding. Plants with phenolic compounds are known to improve venous tone and anti-inflammation. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) known contain phenolic compounds and have been used to cure inflammation. However, studies on anti-inflammatory soursop leaves for hemorrhoids are still limited. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of Soursop Leaves Ethanol Extract (SLEE) on the histopathological features and expression of COX-2 and TNFα in rectoanal tissue. Method: Swiss mice 20 weeks induced 3 times with 6% croton oil through the anus. SLEE doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg and aspirin as a positive control were given orally for 7 days. Histopathological examination of the rectoanal tissue of mice was assessed by counting cell necrosis, inflammation, vasodilation, and edema using hematoxylin-eosin. Positive cells expressing COX-2 and TNFα were counted on inflammatory epithelial cells using immunohistochemistry. Results: Administration of SLEE at all doses showed different levels of inflammation, necrosis, vasodilatation and edema in histopathology of rectoanal tissue P <0.00. All three doses of SLEE show significant anti-inflammatory effects on hemorrhoidal tissue. SLEE doses of 200, 400 mg/Kg significantly decreased COX-2 P <0.05 compared to negative controls, and SLEE doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg significantly decreased TNFα P <0.05 compared to negative controls. Conclusions: SLEE can reduce inflammation and has the potential to be developed as a natural remedy for hemorrhoids.

Inhibitory Mechanisms of Soybean Extract on the Development of Breast Cancer Through Modulation of Cellular Immune Response

“…In this study screening and identification of bioactive components were also carried out which included tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, polyphenols, tannins, peptides, and terpenoids. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the Q-TOF LC/MS method referring to the protocol of Qiaou et al [18][19][20]…”

Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Soursop

“…e phytochemical acetogenins, alkaloids, and megastigmanes and phenolic compounds such as quercetin and gallic acid present in A. muricata are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As soursop leave extract has anti-inflammatory properties, it can be used against hemorrhage [27]. e aqueous extract of the soursop leaf has a natural combination of bioactive components with a biogenesis (new blood vessel formation from a preexisting vessel) function [38].…”

Gambaran histologi hati dan ginjal mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang diinduksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) setelah pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.)

“…Menurut Setyorini & Yusnawan (2016), produksi metabolit sekunder dipicu oleh beberapa faktor seperti cekaman pada tanaman, ketinggian tempat tumbuh, suhu, pH, serta intensitas cahaya. Sejalan dengan penelitian Ayun et al (2020), bahwa senyawa terpenoid tidak ditemukan pada pengujian senyawa fitokimia dari ekstrak daun sirsak.…”